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Biopolymer linked activated carbon-nano-bentonite composite membrane for efficient elimination of PAH mixture from aqueous solutions

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Abstract

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the discharge of large amounts of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) into the environment. Due to PAH-associated health hazards, their presence in water bodies has attracted increasing concern worldwide. Hence, it is necessary to device, new, efficient, and cost-effective technologies for their removal. The present work reports the fabrication of a novel chitosan linked activated carbon-nano-bentonite composite (AC-NB-C) membrane removal of acenaphthene (ACE) and naphthalene (NAP) from aqueous solutions containing both PAHs individually as well as a mixture (MP). The formulated membrane was characterized using SEM, TEM, EDS, FT-IR, XRD, and BET. The PAH removal efficiency of the membrane was evaluated in terms of varying process parameters such as initial PAH concentration, pH, and feed pressure. Process optimization was conducted using the central composite design (CCD) feature of response surface methodology (RSM). Reusability potential and antifouling property of the membrane was also evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the AC-NB-C membrane demonstrated a mixed PAH (MP) rejection of approximately 99.3%. The BET surface area and total pore volume of the membrane were observed to be 482.07 m2g–1 and 0.251 cm3g–1 respectively. The FT-IR analysis suggested π-π interaction and H-bonding as possible mechanisms guiding PAH uptake. A 4.9% reduction in flux ratio indicated good antifouling potential of the AC-NB-C membranes. Moreover, the membrane could be regenerated and reused for 7 consecutive cycles of filtration without any decline in its efficiency. Also, the optimum membrane performance recorded at pH 6 established its immense potential for large-scale treatment of municipal wastewater whose pH values are normally between 6 and 8.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge all the members of the Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta and the Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University for their support and cooperation throughout this study. The authors also acknowledge Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Department of Polymer Science, University of Calcutta, for the electron microscopy, EDS and FTIR facilities. The Authors also acknowledges Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata for providing the BET surface area measurement facility.

Funding

This research was funded by the department.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Asutosh College, 92, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Road, Jatin Das Park, Bhowanipore, Kolkata 700026, India

    Shramana Roy Barman

  2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India

    Shramana Roy Barman & Aniruddha Mukhopadhayay

  3. Department of Environmental Studies, Centre for Distance and Online Education, Rabindra Bharati University, Rabindra Bhavan, EE Block, Sector II, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700091, India

    Priya Banerjee

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India

    Papita Das

  5. School of Advanced Studies in Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India

    Papita Das

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  1. Shramana Roy Barman
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  2. Priya Banerjee
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  3. Aniruddha Mukhopadhayay
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  4. Papita Das
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Correspondence to Papita Das.

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Highlights

• Green fabrication of a novel chitosan-linked-activated carbon-nano-bentonite composite membrane for PAH removal from aqueous solutions.

• Novel membrane revealed a high-specific surface area and good reusability potential.

• AC-NB-C membrane was efficient in removing acenaphthene and naphthalene individually as well as in mixtures.

• Process optimization yielded high removal of mixed PAHs (≈99.3%).

• Alkali wash provided excellent flux recovery for AC-NB-C membranes.

• AC-NB-C membrane was eco-friendly, inexpensive, and demonstrated efficient anti fouling properties.

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Barman, S.R., Banerjee, P., Mukhopadhayay, A. et al. Biopolymer linked activated carbon-nano-bentonite composite membrane for efficient elimination of PAH mixture from aqueous solutions. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 359–373 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02223-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02223-0

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