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Lifetime-scale ontogenetic movement and diets of red grouper inferred using a combination of instantaneous and archival methods

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 February 2022

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Abstract

Many predatory marine fishes undergo ontogenetic diet and habitat shifts as they grow. Most fishery datasets, such as catch records, length frequencies, and stomach contents, create a series of snapshots, with each captured fish representing a single timepoint during the lifespan. Chemical archives, such as eye lenses, preserve information regarding several life stages for each individual. By combining these disparate datasets, conclusions are strengthened through weight of evidence. We combined a novel archive, δ13C and δ15N bulk values in sequential eye-lens laminae, with fishery-independent catch records and stomach contents for red grouper Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes 1828) from the eastern Gulf of Mexico, USA. Eye-lens core isotope values suggest that successful individuals spend their larval period on the mid-to-outer continental shelf and locations do not vary substantially year-to-year. Profiles of δ15N values indicate that trophic position increases with size following a logarithmic growth model, while stomach contents indicate a simultaneous increase in fish proportion in the diet. Stomach contents and δ13C values together suggest that most red grouper move to nearshore waters at settlement, spend several months in shallow water with heavy benthic diet dependence, then slowly cross the continental shelf toward deeper water as they mature. With this work, we demonstrate that eye-lens isotope value profiles can enhance fisheries datasets and may provide a method of recreating diet and movement histories for species without long-term biological information.

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Data availability

All isotope values are published in the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) website (https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org/data/R1.x135.120:0012). All stomach-content data are available by request from Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute.

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Acknowledgements

This work would not have been possible without the tireless contributions of numerous individuals, especially researchers at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). The work of the Fishery Independent Monitoring (FIM) program was indispensable for the completion of this work, especially Dr T. Switzer, and Dr. K. Thompson. FIM field personnel collected the fish specimens used for stable isotope and stomach content analysis. FIM Gut Lab personnel completed all visual identification of stomach contents. FWRI Age and Growth lab provided otolith preparation, aging and measuring facilities. J. Carroll, A. Amick, K. Cook and K. Rynerson all provided invaluable assistance in otolith preparation and aging. M. Schram aged all fish otoliths. NOAA Fisheries laboratory in Panama City, including C. Gardner, contributed fish collected from routine reef fish monitoring. C.Bruger, J. Granneman, A. Wallace, and B. Michaud assisted with eye-lens dissection. All stable isotope values were produced by Dr. E. Goddard in the Paleoceanography lab at the College of Marine Science, USF. This paper is a chapter from JLV’s PhD dissertation, which benefitted from input by committee members EBP, Dr. C. Stallings, Dr. S. Murawski, Dr. L. Lombardi, and Dr. B. Rosenheim.

Funding

Funding for this research was provided by University of South Florida College of Marine Science endowed fellowships and the Spawning Habitat and Early-Life Linkages to Fisheries (SHELF) project of the Florida RESTORE Act Centers of Excellence Program (FLRACEP), administered by the Florida Institute of Oceanography under awards 4710112604 and 4710112901 to the University of South Florida. These funding sources had no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication. Financial support from JLV included the NOAA/NMFS Marine Resource Assessment fellowship program, the Roche/ARCS fellowship program for college scientists, the Florida Sea Grant Guy Harvey fellowship, the Jack and Katherine Ann Lake fellowship, the Gulf Oceanographic Charitable Trust Fellowship, and the Spawning Habitat and Early-Life Linkages to Fisheries (SHELF) project of the Florida RESTORE Act Centers of Excellence Program (FLRACEP), which is administered by the Florida Institute of Oceanography.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 830 1 St South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Julie L. Vecchio & Ernst B. Peebles

  2. FWC-FWRI, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Julie L. Vecchio

Authors
  1. Julie L. Vecchio
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  2. Ernst B. Peebles
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Contributions

JV: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization. EP: conceptualization, methodology, validation, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie L. Vecchio.

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Ethics approval

Fish were collected under exempted fishing permits for the state of Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute and NOAA Fisheries, as well as under letter of agreement with NOAA Fisheries for university researchers to retain undersized fish for research purposes. All fish were dissected and tissues collected under the University of South Florida IACUC protocol #TIS0000324 issued to Dr. Ernst Peebles.

Competing interests

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

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Vecchio, J.L., Peebles, E.B. Lifetime-scale ontogenetic movement and diets of red grouper inferred using a combination of instantaneous and archival methods. Environ Biol Fish 105, 1887–1906 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01210-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01210-2

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