Abstract
Platostoma palustre (syn Mesona chinensis) (Lamiaceae) is an herbal plant used in traditional medicine and as food. During domestication over centuries, the plants for cultivation were propagated vegetatively by stem cuttings. However, the consequence of long-term clonal reproduction on genetic diversity and genetic structure is unknown for this plant. In this study, we used specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to identify genetic variation among 36 P. palustre populations collected from southern China. In total, 16,651 reliable single-nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained. A low level of genetic diversity, in the form of heterozygosity, was found at both the species level (expected heterozygosity, He = 0.207) and the population level (He = 0.023–0.162), indicating a narrow genetic base for the crop. This crop plant was initially selected over centuries from wild populations in southern China; Its domestication history, as well as its vegetative mode of propagation, may explain the low level of genetic diversity. On the other hand, values for pairwise fixation index (0.483) and analysis of the molecular variance (79.18%) indicated high genetic differentiation among populations. STRUCTURE analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the 36 populations studied could be divided into four groups. The initial differences in the germplasm introduced into the cultivated P. palustre populations from local wild resources and the limited gene flow among populations because of clonal propagation may have played important roles in shaping the pattern of genetic variation. The results will be helpful in the conservation of germplasm resources and in future breeding work on P. palustre.
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The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Yanping Li for helping with the collection of samples.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31670324); the Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (SKL-CUSAb-2013–11); and the Foundation of Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity (SSTLAB-2013–03).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Qi Li wrote the manuscript and carried out bioinformatic analyses. Qi Li and Wei Xia extracted the DNA. Qi Li and Qian Li performed data collection. Xuezhi Liang, Jianguang Xie, and Shilei Geng collected the plant materials. Shilei Geng reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Li, Q., Xia, W., Li, Q. et al. Genome-wide assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Platostoma palustre in southern China and implications for conservation and breeding strategies. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 1349–1364 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01308-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01308-z