Abstract
The aim of this study was to adsorb Ca, K, Mg and Na from seawater using sulfonated cornstalk. Cornstalk, a ligno-cellulose derived agricultural waste, was selected as an adsorbent. It was separated into the inside and outside and then sulfonated to be used as an adsorbent. Sulfonated cornstalk has higher ion exchange capacity than natural cornstalk, and the largest ion exchange capacity was 4.35 meq/g of sulfonated outside cornstalk. In addition, according to the FT-IR analysis, the surface of cornstalk was converted to negative charge after sulfonation, so that it was very easy to adsorb cationic ions in seawater. The adsorption efficiency of the sulfonated cornstalk increased by 27.96–41.58% for Ca, 22.61–26.78% for K, 27.96–44.14% for Mg and 18.47–27.16% for Na compared to the non-sulfonated cornstalk. Surface modified cornstalk with sulfuric acid can efficiently adsorb Ca, K, Mg and Na from seawater. This is meaningful not only in terms of recycling ligno-cellulose based waste, but also adsorbing useful resources from seawater.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
All relevant data are included in the paper or its Supplementary Information.
References
F. J. Millero, R. Feistel, D. G. Wright and T. J. McDougall, Deep-sea Res., 55, 50 (2008).
K. Ghyselbrecht, B. Sansen, A. Monballiu, Z. L. Ye, L. Pinoy and B. Meesschaert, Sep. Purif. Technol., 221, 12 (2019).
S. Roobavannan, S. Vigneswaran and G. Naidu, Chem. Eng. J., 396, 125386 (2020).
W. Shi, P. Nie, X. Shang, J. Yang, Z. Xie, R. Xu and J. Liu, Electrochim. Asta, 310, 104 (2019).
A. S. Bello, N. Zouari, D. A. Da’ana, J. N. Hahladakis and M. A. Al-Ghouti, J. Environ. Manag., 288, 112358 (2021).
S. Shaddel, T. Grini, S. Ucar, K. Azrague, J. P. Andreassen and S. W. Østerhus, Water Res., 173, 115572 (2020).
I. Menshchikov, A. Shiryaev, A. Shkolin, V. Vysotskii, E. Khozina and A. Fomkin, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 39(2), 279 (2021).
C. A. Esteves Costa, W. Coleman, M. Dube, A. E. Rodrigues and P. C. Rodrigues Pinto, Ind. Crop. Prod., 92, 136 (2016).
A. O. Ayeni, O. Agboola, M. O. Daramola, B. Grabner, B. A. Oni, D. E. Babatunde and J. Evwodere, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 38(1), 81 (2021).
E. Santoso, R. Ediati, Y. Kusumawati, H. Bahruji, D. O. Sulistiono and D. Prasetyoko, Mater. Today Chem., 16, 100233 (2020).
L. Zhu and Z. Zhong, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 37(10), 1660 (2020).
Y. Dai, Q. Sun, W. Wang, L. Lu, M. Liu, J. Li, S. Yang, Y. Sun, K. Zhang, J. Xu, W. Zheng, Z. Hu, Y. Yang Y. Gao, Y. Chen, X. Zhang, F. Gao and Y. Zhang, Chemosphere, 211, 235 (2018).
Y. Jiang, X. Wang, Z. Wu, J. Xu, L. Hu and L. Lin, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 38(4), 788 (2021).
Q. Chen, J. Zheng, L. Wen, C. Yang and L. Zhang, Chemosphere, 224, 509 (2019).
J. Li, H. Li, Z. Yuan, J. Fang, L. Chang, H. Zhang and C. Li, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 135, 1171 (2019).
R. Elangovan, L. Philip and K. Chandraraj, J. Hazard. Mater., 152, 100 (2008).
J. M. Fonseca, L. Spessato, A. L. Cazetta, K. C. Bedin, S. A. R. Melo, F. L. Souza and V. C. Almeida, Energy Convers. Manag., 217, 112975 (2020).
J. Wolska and J. Walkowiak-Kulikowska, Eur. Polym. J., 129, 109635 (2020).
G. A. O. Weijue, P. John, W. Inwood and F. A. T. E. H. I. Pedram, J. Bioresour. Bioprod., 4(2), 80 (2019).
S. Sabar, H. Abdul Aziz, N. H. Yusof, S. Subramaniam, K. Y. Foo, L. D. Wilson and H. K. Lee, React. Funct. Polym., 151, 104584 (2020).
D. H. Lataye, I. M. Mishra and I. D. Mall, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 3934 (2006).
P. J. Van Soest, JAOAC, 46, 829 (1963).
K. F. L. Hagesteijn, S. Jiang and B. P. Ladewig, J. Mater. Sci., 53, 11131 (2018).
H. J. Choi, Water Environ. Res., 91, 1600 (2019).
T. A. H. Nguyen, H. H. Ngo, W. S. Guo, J. Zhang, S. Liang, Q. Y. Yue, Q. Li and T. V. Nguyen, Bioresour. Technol., 148, 574 (2013).
H. J. Choi and S. W. Yu, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(11), 2198 (2018).
S. Y. Lee and H. J. Choi, J. Environ. Manag., 209, 382 (2018).
H. J. Choi, Water Sci. Technol., 79(10), 1922 (2019).
S. Suganuma, K. Nakajima, M. Kitano, H. Kato, A. Tamura, H. Kondo, S. Yanagawa, S. Hayashi and M. Hara, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 143, 443 (2011).
H. J. Choi and S. W. Yu, Environ. Eng. Res., 24(1), 99 (2019).
M. R. Lasheen, N. S. Ammar and H. S. Ibrahim, Solid State Sci., 14, 202 (2012).
S. W. Yu and H. J. Choi, Water Sci. Technol., 78(4), 837 (2018).
J. N. Sahu, R. R. Karri and N. S. Jayakumar, Ind. Crops Prod., 164, 113333 (2021).
A. Ämmälä, O. Laitinen, J. A. Sirviö and H. Liimatainen, Ind. Crop. Prod., 140, 111664 (2019).
H. E. Osman, R. K. Badwy and H. K. Ahmad, J. Phytol., 2, 51 (2010).
P. S. Kumar, S. Ramalingam, V. Sathyaselvabala, S. D. Kirupha, A. Murugesan and S. Sivanesan, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29, 756 (2012).
C. Liu, B. Tao, Z. Wang, D. Wang, R. Guo and L. Chen, Chem. Eng. Sci., 229, 115984 (2021).
S. J. Giri, P. K. Swart and A. Pourmand, Earth Planet. Sci., 519, 130 (2019).
S. Lin, H. Zhao, L. Zhu, T. He, S. Chen, C. Gao and L. L. Zhang, Desalination, 498, 114728 (2021).
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R111A305924311)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Hee-Jeong Choi (Prof. Ph.D): Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing — original draft, Visualization, Investigation, Software, Validation, Writing — review & editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Compliance with Ethical Standards The author(s) confirmed that this article content has no conflict of interest.
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Statment of Informed Consent, Human/Animal Rights No conflicts, informed consent, human or animal rights applicable.
Additional information
Supporting Information
Additional information as noted in the text. This information is available via the Internet at http://www.springer.com/chemistry/journal/11814.
Supporting Information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, HJ. Assessment of sulfonation in cornstalk for adsorption of metal-ions from seawater. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 121–133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0949-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0949-3