Abstract
Limnoperna fortunei is an invasive mussel species that is continuously expanding through South American. It has five larval stages, which usually differ in tolerance to environmental factors. How different abiotic filters affect L. fortunei larval stages has not been studied in depth. We employed a detailed database describing five floodplain environments to investigate the distribution of L. fortunei larval stages within and among these environments and determine which local abiotic filters affect the density of each larval stage. We found that the two youngest larval stages accounted for up to 83% of the larval density in four of the five environments studied, confirming an expanding population pyramid of L. fortunei in these environments. We also found positive and negative relationships among abiotic filters, and these relationships affected, directly and indirectly, the density of the youngest larval stages. Turbidity, water level, and suspended inorganic matter directly decreased the density of the two youngest larval stages. Conversely, temperature and pH directly increased the density of D-shaped and umbonated stages, respectively. Additionally, water level indirectly increased the density of the youngest larval stages mediated by declines in turbidity and suspended inorganic matter. Our findings suggest a likely expansion of L. fortunei in the Upper Paraná Floodplain. However, local abiotic filters, such as turbidity, water level, and suspended inorganic matter, decrease the density of the youngest larval stages. This finding illustrates that the establishment of L. fortunei can be prevented mainly if the youngest larval stages are controlled.
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The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.
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Statistic R codes for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful to the Program of Long-Term Ecological Research (PELD), to the National Council for the Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for data collection and financial support. We are also thankful to the Research Group in Limnology, Ichthyology, and Aquaculture (Nupelia) and its Limnology Laboratory for assistance in the field and laboratory work. DAM received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ: Proc. No. 141239/2019-0). RPM thanks to CNPq for the productivity grant.
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This manuscript was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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Ernandes-Silva, J., Moi, D.A., de Amo, V.E. et al. Factors associated with the population structure of an invasive mollusk in a neotropical floodplain. Aquat Sci 84, 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-021-00844-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-021-00844-1