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Speckle tracking echocardiography in heart failure development and progression in patients with apneas

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Abstract

Obstructive (OA) and central apneas (CA) are highly prevalent breathing disorders that have a negative impact on cardiac structure and function; while OA promote the development of progressive cardiac alterations that can eventually lead to heart failure (HF), CA are more prevalent once HF ensues. Therefore, the early identification of the deleterious effects of apneas on cardiac function, and the possibility to detect an initial cardiac dysfunction in patients with apneas become relevant. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) imaging has become increasingly recognized as a method for the early detection of diastolic and systolic dysfunction, by the evaluation of left atrial and left and right ventricular global longitudinal strain, respectively. A growing body of evidence is available on the alterations of STE in OA, while very little is known with regard to CA. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and gap of evidence concerning apnea-related STE alterations in the development and progression of HF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Giulia Elena Mandoli, Matteo Cameli & Sergio Mondillo

  2. Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy

    Chiara Borrelli, Claudia Taddei, Claudio Passino, Michele Emdin & Alberto Giannoni

  3. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Chiara Borrelli & Lorenzo Ghiadoni

  4. Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Claudio Passino, Michele Emdin & Alberto Giannoni

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  1. Giulia Elena Mandoli
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  2. Chiara Borrelli
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  3. Matteo Cameli
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  4. Sergio Mondillo
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  9. Alberto Giannoni
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Correspondence to Alberto Giannoni.

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Giulia Elena Mandoli and Chiara Borrelli have contributed equally and share first authorship

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Mandoli, G.E., Borrelli, C., Cameli, M. et al. Speckle tracking echocardiography in heart failure development and progression in patients with apneas. Heart Fail Rev 27, 1869–1881 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-021-10197-4

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