Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste biomass for bioethanol production is considered a decades old traditional, inexpensive, and energy-effective approach. In this study, waste office paper was pretreated with diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrolyzed with one of the most available and cost-effective enzymes, cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei, under submerged static condition. Three different pretreatment approaches—cut into 2 cm2, blended with distilled water, and pretreated with diluted H2SO4—have been implemented, and pretreatment with diluted H2SO4 was the most effective. Hydrolysis with different concentrations—0.5 M, 1.0 M, 1.5 M, 2.0 M of H2SO4—was performed. The maximum glucose content was obtained at 2.0 M H2SO4 at 90 min reaction time, and glucose yield was 0.11 g glucose/g wastepaper. The cut paper, wet-blended, and acid-treated wastepaper was hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme for 2, 4, and 5 consecutive days with 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg enzyme loadings. The maximum glucose content obtained was 9.75 g/l from acid-treated wastepaper, after 5 days of enzymatic hydrolysis with 20 mg enzyme loading and a glucose yield of a 0.5 g glucose/g wastepaper. The wastepaper hydrolysate was further fermented for 6, 8, and 10 hours continuously with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), and at 10 hours of fermentation, the maximum glucose consumption was 0.18 g by yeast. Further, HPLC analysis of the fermented medium presented a strong peak of bioethanol content at 16.12 min. The distillation of bioethanol by rotary evaporator presented 0.79 ml bioethanol/fermented solution, which indicated the conversion efficiency of 79%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Lim and L. K. Teong, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 938 (2010).
A. T. Balasbaneh, A. K. B. Marsono and S. J. Khaleghi, J. Building Eng., 20, 235 (2018).
N. Hossain, A. N. Razali, T. M. I. Mahlia T. Chowdhury, H. Chowdhury, H. C. Ong, A. H. Shamsuddin and A. S. Silitonga, Energies, 12, 3947 (2019).
R. Ahorsu, F. Medina and M. Constantí, Energies, 11, 3366 (2018).
N. M. Clauser, G. González, C. M. Mendieta, J. Kruyeniski, M. C. Area and M. E. Vallejos, Sustainability, 13, 794 (2021).
J. Muller, Waste disposal rate in malaysia in 2020, by method, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1133319/malaysia-waste-disposal-rate-by-method/ (accessed 7 April 2021).
N. Annamalai, H. Al Battashi, S. N. Anu, A. Al Azkawi, S. Al Bahry and N. Sivakumar, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11, 121 (2020).
W. Tadmourt, K. Khiari, A. Boulal and L. Tarabet, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1 (2020).
S. A. Byadgi and P. Kalburgi, Procedia Environ. Sci., 35, 555 (2016).
L. Wang, M. Sharifzadeh, R. Templer and R. J. Murphy, Appl. Energy, 111, 1172 (2013).
R. Garg, R. Srivastava, V. Brahma, L. Verma, S. Karthikeyan and G. Sahni, Sci. Rep., 6, 1 (2016).
N. Hossain, J. H. Zaini and T. Mahlia, Int. J. Technol., 8, 5 (2017).
C.-Y. Lin, M.-T. Peng, Y.-C. Tsai, S.-J. Tsai, T.-Y. Wu, S.-Y. Chien and H. J. Tsai, Asian J. Agric. Food Sci., 3, 333 (2015).
Kusmiyati, Mustofa, A. and Jumarmi, IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 358 (2018).
J. Rocha, B. Alencar, H. Mota and E. Gouveia, Cellulose Chem. Technol., 50, 243 (2016).
A. K. Dubey, P. Gupta, N. Garg and S. Naithani, Carbohydr. Polym., 88, 825 (2012).
K. Chua, E. J. M. Sahid and Y. Leong, ST-4: Green & Energy Management, 4, 1 (2011).
M. Ioelovich, J. Sci. Res. Rep., 905 (2014).
Funding
No funding to declare.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Nazia Hossain: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Interpretation, Software and Validation, Formal Analysis, Writing-Original Draft, Lee Lai Hoong: Experimental Analysis, Writing-Original Draft, Pranta Barua: Writing-Review and Editing, Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar: Writing-Review and Editing, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia- Supervision.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
The facts and views in the manuscript are solely ours, and we are totally responsible for authenticity, validity, and originality. We also declare that this manuscript is our original work, and we have not copied from anywhere else. There is no plagiarism in my manuscript.
Consent for Publication
We undertake and agree that the manuscript submitted to your journal has not been published elsewhere and has not been simultaneously submitted to other journals.
Competing Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Availability of Data and Materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Nazia Hossain, upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
Additional information as noted in the text. This information is available via the Internet at www.springer.com/chemistry/journal/11814.
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hossain, N., Hoong, L.L., Barua, P. et al. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated wastepaper for bioethanol production. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 2493–2499 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0914-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0914-1