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Genetic loci and responsible genes for pod and seed traits under diverse environments via linkage mapping analysis in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

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Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is widely planted in the world, and provides most of the plant protein and oil for humans. Fresh pod and seed are the basic harvested organs in vegetable soybean production, and are important characteristics in vegetable variety registration and product export. To dissect the genetic basis of fresh pod and seed, one RIL population was analyzed for eight related traits under four environments. Eight QTL clusters were detected on seven chromosomes with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) 5.28–17.30% under multiple environments or conferring diverse traits, and six were demonstrated by BLUP values. One pleiotropism QTL on chromosome 20 with PVEs 8.92–17.30% was linked with fresh pod weight, fresh seed weight, length and area under multiple environments, and was verified by BLUP values with PVEs 12.07–16.81%. Moreover, significant phenotype differences between favorable and unfavorable alleles demonstrated these linkage QTLs. The significant correlations of QTL markers for fresh pod length and large-pod phenotype (pod length ≥ 4.5 cm, the criterion for vegetable variety registration and product export) were identified, which provided selection markers for large-pod identification. Further analysis showed that the large-pod RIL parent “C813” possessed six favorable alleles of linked QTLs, and the elite line “L-63” possessed all of the eight favorable alleles, which presented the best phenotypes in the population. Based on these, the candidate genes were identified to present different expressions between RIL parents at different pod developmental-stages. Thus, these QTLs and candidate genes provided novel insights into the genetic basis for vegetable soybean fresh pod and seed in breeding program.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Hebei Province Key Research and Development Project (19226356D) and Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Project (HBCT2019190203).

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Author notes

  1. Shiliang Chen and Yaqian Sun these authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China

    Shiliang Chen, Yaqian Sun, Zhenqi Shao, Jiahao Chu, Wenlong Li, Youbin Kong, Hui Du, Xihuan Li & Caiying Zhang

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  1. Shiliang Chen
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  2. Yaqian Sun
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  3. Zhenqi Shao
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  4. Jiahao Chu
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  7. Hui Du
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  8. Xihuan Li
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  9. Caiying Zhang
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Contributions

XL and CZ conceived and designed the research. SC, and YS conducted the experiments and analyzed the data. ZS, JC, WL, YK and HD participated in parts of the experiments and data analysis. XL drafted the manuscript, and CZ revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xihuan Li or Caiying Zhang.

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The experiments were performed in compliance with the current laws of China.

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Chen, S., Sun, Y., Shao, Z. et al. Genetic loci and responsible genes for pod and seed traits under diverse environments via linkage mapping analysis in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 1089–1105 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01287-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01287-1

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