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Distance to Care, Rural Dwelling Status, and Patterns of Care Utilization in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

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Abstract

Many patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) do not receive guideline-directed care. While distance to an ACHD center has been identified as a potential barrier to care, the impact of distance on care location is not well understood. The Oregon All Payer All Claims database was queried to identify subjects 18–65 years who had a health encounter from 2010 to 2015 with an International Classification of Diseases-9 code consistent with ACHD. Residence area was classified using metropolitan statistical areas and driving distance was queried from Google Maps. Utilization rates and percentages were calculated and odds ratios were estimated using negative binomial and logistic regression. Of 10,199 identified individuals, 52.4% lived < 1 h from the ACHD center, 37.5% 1–4 h, and 10.1% > 4 h. Increased distance from the ACHD center was associated with a lower rate of ACHD-specific follow-up [< 1 h: 13.0% vs. > 4 h: 5.0%, adjusted OR 0.32 (0.22, 0.48)], but with more inpatient, emergency room, and outpatient visits overall. Those who more lived more than 4 h from the ACHD center had less inpatient visits at urban hospitals (55.5% vs. 93.9% in those < 1 h) and the ACHD center (6.2% vs. 18.2%) and more inpatient admissions at rural or critical access hospitals (25.5% vs. 1.9%). Distance from the ACHD center was associated with a decreased probability of ACHD follow-up but higher health service use overall. Further work is needed to identify strategies to improve access to specialized ACHD care for all individuals with ACHD.

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Data Availability

The data that support this study will be available from the corresponding author at reasonable request. To minimize the chances of sharing data that will be could be used to identify patients, location data (zip code, hospital location) will not be shared.

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Funding

Dr. Slatore is supported by resources from the VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon.

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Correspondence to Abigail M. Khan.

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The Department of Veterans Affairs did not have a role in the conduct of the study; in the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of data; or in the preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Government.

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Khan, A.M., McGrath, L.B., Ramsey, K. et al. Distance to Care, Rural Dwelling Status, and Patterns of Care Utilization in Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 43, 532–540 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-021-02750-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-021-02750-7

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