Polished photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

Zhiwen Zhang; Zhiwen Zhang; Tao Shen; Tao Shen; Tao Shen; Haibin Wu; Yue Feng; Yue Feng; Xin Wang; Xin Wang

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.433726

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 38,
Issue 12,
pp. F61-F68
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.433726

Polished photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

Zhiwen Zhang, Tao Shen, Haibin Wu, Yue Feng, and Xin Wang

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Zhiwen Zhang, Tao Shen, Haibin Wu, Yue Feng, and Xin Wang, "Polished photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38, F61-F68 (2021)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 8, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: September 9, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: September 22, 2021
- Published: October 18, 2021
Virtual Issues
JOSA B Feature Issue: Specialty Optical Fiber Modeling, Fabrication, and Characterization (2021)

Abstract

A polished photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for refractive index (RI) detection is proposed and analyzed by finite element analysis. The design of polishing can greatly increase the birefringence of photonic crystal fiber and ensure a uniform coating film, thus improving sensor performance. The outer air of the structure is arranged in half of an octagonal shape, and the inner layer is arranged in a quadrilateral shape, which can effectively improve coupling strength in the $ y $-polarization direction. The sensor works mainly in visible and infrared wavelengths with a detection range of 1.33 to 1.38. Through analysis of external RI changes, pore structure parameters, and silver mold thickness, the maximum sensitivity is 14800 nm/RIU, maximum amplitude sensitivity is ${766.7008}\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$, resolution is up to ${6.7568} \times {{10}^{- 6}}\;{\rm RIU}$, and maximum figure of merit is 548.1481. The sensor is suitable for biomedicine, environmental monitoring, chemistry, and other fields.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Refractive Index ( $n_{a}$ , RIU)	Resonance Wavelength ( $λ_{p e a k}$ , nm)	Wavelength Sensitivity ( $S_{w}$ , nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (R, RIU)	Confinement Loss (dB/cm)	FWHM (nm)	DA ( ${n m}^{- 1}$ )	FOM	Amplitude Sensitivity (Sa, ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
1.33	552	2100	$4.7619 \times 10^{- 5}$	167.4578	26	0.0385	80.7692	291.3431
1.34	573	2500	$4 \times 10^{- 5}$	201.6039	28	0.0357	89.2857	351.9496
1.35	598	3400	$2.9411 \times 10^{- 5}$	256.3438	29	0.0345	117.2414	431.5426
1.36	632	4500	$2.2222 \times 10^{- 5}$	313.1179	30	0.0333	150	621.0963
1.37	677	6800	$1.4707 \times 10^{- 5}$	427.7713	29	0.0345	234.4828	766.7008
1.38	745	14800	$6.7568 \times 10^{- 6}$	712.8364	27	0.0370	548.1481	442.4963
1.39	893	N/A	N/A	988.8448	230	0.0043	N/A	N/A

PCF-SPR Sensor	Refractive Index (RIU)	Operating Wavelength Range (nm)	Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (RIU)	FOM	Published Year
Ref. [34]	1.33–1.37	540–800	N/A	4200	N/A	N/A	2017
Ref. [35]	1.36–1.38	450–780	72.47	2520	$1.38 \times 10^{- 4}$	N/A	2017
Ref. [36]	1.31–1.37	1300–2000	N/A	11750	$8.5 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A	2018
Ref. [37]	1.33–1.37	450–750	300	4200	N/A	N/A	2018
Ref. [38]	1.30–1.42	567–1029	830	14600	N/A	277	2019
Ref. [39]	1.32–1.35	1400–2600	N/A	5666.6	$2.98 \times 10^{- 5}$	N/A	2019
Ref. [40]	1.33–1.36	450–750	633.4001	10600	$9.43 \times 10^{- 6}$	181	2020
Ref. [41]	1.35–1.39	550–850	N/A	12500	N/A	N/A	2021
Proposed	1.33–1.39	450–1100	766.7008	14800	$6.7568 \times 10^{- 6}$	548.1481

Refractive Index ( $n_{a}$ , RIU)	Resonance Wavelength ( $λ_{p e a k}$ , nm)	Wavelength Sensitivity ( $S_{w}$ , nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (R, RIU)	Confinement Loss (dB/cm)	FWHM (nm)	DA ( ${n m}^{- 1}$ )	FOM	Amplitude Sensitivity (Sa, ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
1.33	552	2100	$4.7619 \times 10^{- 5}$	167.4578	26	0.0385	80.7692	291.3431
1.34	573	2500	$4 \times 10^{- 5}$	201.6039	28	0.0357	89.2857	351.9496
1.35	598	3400	$2.9411 \times 10^{- 5}$	256.3438	29	0.0345	117.2414	431.5426
1.36	632	4500	$2.2222 \times 10^{- 5}$	313.1179	30	0.0333	150	621.0963
1.37	677	6800	$1.4707 \times 10^{- 5}$	427.7713	29	0.0345	234.4828	766.7008
1.38	745	14800	$6.7568 \times 10^{- 6}$	712.8364	27	0.0370	548.1481	442.4963
1.39	893	N/A	N/A	988.8448	230	0.0043	N/A	N/A

PCF-SPR Sensor	Refractive Index (RIU)	Operating Wavelength Range (nm)	Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (RIU)	FOM	Published Year
Ref. [34]	1.33–1.37	540–800	N/A	4200	N/A	N/A	2017
Ref. [35]	1.36–1.38	450–780	72.47	2520	$1.38 \times 10^{- 4}$	N/A	2017
Ref. [36]	1.31–1.37	1300–2000	N/A	11750	$8.5 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A	2018
Ref. [37]	1.33–1.37	450–750	300	4200	N/A	N/A	2018
Ref. [38]	1.30–1.42	567–1029	830	14600	N/A	277	2019
Ref. [39]	1.32–1.35	1400–2600	N/A	5666.6	$2.98 \times 10^{- 5}$	N/A	2019
Ref. [40]	1.33–1.36	450–750	633.4001	10600	$9.43 \times 10^{- 6}$	181	2020
Ref. [41]	1.35–1.39	550–850	N/A	12500	N/A	N/A	2021
Proposed	1.33–1.39	450–1100	766.7008	14800	$6.7568 \times 10^{- 6}$	548.1481

Abstract

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B