Abstract
As a result of complex interdisciplinary studies, the existence of much more complex glacial-interglacial climatic rhythms than previously thought was revealed in the Neopleistocene history of the Oka–Don Loess Province. We have established nine warm epochs (seven interglacials, two interstadials, including the Holocene) and eight interglacial epochs or cooling periods over the last 0.7–0.8 m.y. The sequence of the development of the ice sheets and the interglacial periods in the Early and Middle Neopleistocene is significantly revised. In the Early Neopleistocene, another glacial-interglacial macrocycle was identified in the interval between MIS 15 and MIS 12. In the Middle Neopleistocene, an alternation of three macrocycles was established instead of two previously identified ones. The concept of landscape and climatic changes within interglacial epochs has become more complex. The paleopedological materials on the Ilyinka, Muchkap, Kamenka and Mikulino interglacials indicate the existence of several phases within them, corresponding to two or more optima. It is shown that the Muchkap interglacial was the most humid and heat-provided thermochron in the series of interglacial epochs. The evolution of interglacial pedogenesis and the natural environment over the last ~780 000 years has been traced. The main climatic trend that determined the development of the natural environment and the evolution of landscapes in the geological history of the Oka–Don Loess Province was the directed cooling from the Early Pleistocene Interglacial epoch to the Late Pleistocene epoch. A similar trend toward increasing severity and continentality of the climate is observed for the glacial epochs. The interregional correlation of deposits and events of the Neopleistocene in glacial and periglacial regions in the Don, Dnieper, Volga, and Kama basins was performed.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Agadjanian, A.K., Lemming faunas of the Middle and Late Pleistocene, Byull. Kom. Izuch. Chetvertichnogo Perioda AN SSSR, 1972, no. 39, pp. 67–81.
Agadjanian, A.K., Pleistocene collared lemings, in Noveishaya tektonika, noveishie otlozheniya i chelovek. Sb. 5 (Neotectonics, Recent Deposits, and Humans. Tectonics, Recent Deposits, and Humans. Vol. 5), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1973, pp. 320–355.
Agadjanian, A.K., Early Dneprovian fauna from the Chekalino (Likhvin) section, in Istoriya i evolyutsiya sovremennoi fauny gryzunov (History and Evolution of Modern Fauna of Rodents), Moscow: Nauka, 1983, pp. 204–263.
Agadjanian, A.K., Development stages in small mammals in the Pleistocene in the central Russian Plain, in Stratigrafiya i paleogeografiya chetvertichnogo perioda Vostochnoi Evropy (Stratigraphy and Paleography of the Quaternary of Eastern Europe), Moscow: Inst. Geogr. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1992, pp. 37–49.
Agadjanian, A.K., Melkie mlekopitayushchie pliotsen-pleistotsena Russkoi ravniny (Pliocene–Pleistocene Small Mammals of the Russian Plain), Moscow: Nauka, 2009 [in Russian].
Agadjanian, A.K., Timing of the Mimomys–Arvicola transition on the Russian Plain, Quat. Int., 2012, vol. 271, pp. 38–49.
Agadjanian, A.K. and Glushankova, N.I., Pleistocene paleogeography of the Oka–Don Plain, in Teoreticheskie i metodicheskie problemy paleogeografii (Theoretical and Methodological Problems of Paleogeography), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1987, pp. 145–170.
Agadjanian, A.K. and Glushankova, N.I., Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Dnieper, Don, and Middle Volga basins, in Chetvertichnyi period. Stratigrafiya (Quaternary Period. Stratigraphy), Moscow: Nauka, 1989, pp. 103–113.
Agadjanian, A.K. and Glushankova, N.I., Quaternary stratigraphy and developmental history of the Central Russian periglacial–loessal province, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2017, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 445–462.
Agadjanian, A.K., Iosifova, Yu.I., and Shik, S.M., The Lower Pleistocene Mastyuzhenka section and its significance for regional stratigraphy, in Mater. Vseross. Nauchn. Soveshch. “Aktual’nye problemy neogenovoi i chetvertichnoi stratigrafii i ikh obsuzhdenie na 33-m Mezhdunarodnom geologicheskom kongresse” (Proc. All-Russ. Sci. Conf. “Actual Problems of Neogene and Quaternary Stratigraphy and Their Discussion at the 33 Int. Geol. Congr.”), Moscow: GEOS, 2009, pp. 20–24.
Ananova, E.N., New data on the flora of the Likhvin interglacial, Byull. Mosk. O–va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol., 1964, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 78–90.
Biryukov, I.P., Agadjanian, A.K., Valueva, M.N., Velichkevich, F.Yu., and Shik, S.M., New data on the Quaternary deposits of the Roslavl’ stratotype area, in Stratigrafiya i paleogeografiya chetvertichnogo perioda Vostochnoi Evropy (Quaternary Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of Eastern Europe), Moscow: Inst. Geog. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1992, pp. 152–180.
Bolikhovskaya, N.S., Main stages in the development of vegetation and climate in the Pleistocene, in Struktura, dinamika i evolyutsiya prirodnykh geosistem. Ch. 3. Prirodnaya sreda v pleistotsene (Structure, Dynamics, and Evolution of Natural Geosystems. Pt. 3. Environment in the Pleistocene), Moscow: Izd. Dom “Gorodets”, 2004, pp. 567–582.
Bylinskii, E.N., The detailed stratigraphic scheme of Pleistocene deposits of the Russian Platform, Byull. Regional. Mezhved. Stratigr. Kom. po Tsentru i Yugu Russkoi Platformy, 1992, vol. 1, pp. 142–148.
Chebotareva, N.S. and Makarycheva, I.A., Poslednee oledenenie Evropy i ego geokhronologiya (The Last Glaciation of Europe and Its Geochronology), Moscow: Nauka, 1974 [in Russian].
Chepalyga, A.L., The Early Pleistocene mollusks from the periglacial zone of the Don and Dnieper zones, in Vozrast i rasprostranenie maksimal’nogo oledeneniya Vostochnoi Evropy (The Age and Distribution of Maximum Glaciation in Eastern Europe), Moscow: Nauka, 1980, pp. 140–153.
Dlussky, K.G., Middle Pleistocene soil genesis in the central part of the East European Plain, Cand. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Moscow: Inst. Geogr. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2001.
Evzerov, V.Ya., Valdai glaciation in the Kola Region, in Mater. Tret’ego Vseross. Soveshch. po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda. T. 1 (Proc. 3rd All-Russ. Quaternary Conf. Vol. 1), Smolensk: Oikumena, 2002, pp. 71–75.
Fink, J., Le loess en Auricle, La stratigraphie des loess d’Europe, Bull. Assoc. Franc. Pour L’etude Quat., 1969, no. 1, pp. 28–41.
Glushankova, N.I., Organic matter in buried soils, recent deposits and its paleogeographic significance, Cand. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1972.
Glushankova, N.I., Pleistocene pedogenesis and paleogeography of buried soils of the Russian Plain, Doctoral (Geogr.) Disseration, Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1994.
Glushankova, N.I., Quaternary stratigraphy and developmental history of the Middle Volga and Lower Kama river basins, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 1998, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 189–203.
Glushankova, N.I., Structure, composition, and history of formation of Quaternary deposits in the Upper Oka basin, Izv. RGO, 1999, vol. 131, no. 4, pp. 30–42.
Glushankova, N.I., The development of the soil cover in the Pleistocene, in Geografiya, obshchestvo, okruzhayushchaya sreda. Ch. 3. Prirodnaya sreda v pleistotsene (Translation), Moscow: Izd. Dom “Gorodets”, 2004, pp. 538–560.
Glushankova, N.I., Paleopedogenez i prirodnaya sreda Vostochnoi Evropy v pleistotsene (Paleopedogenesis and Natural Environment of Eastern Europe in the Pleistocene), Smolensk-Moskva: Madzhenta, 2008 [in Russian].
Glushankova, N.I., Geological structure and paleogeography of the Neopleistocene in the Lower Kama basin as evidenced from reference sections, in Problemy stratigrafii i paleogeografii pleistotsena (Problems of Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Paleogeography), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2011, pp. 134–155.
Glushankova, N.I., Structure, composition, and depositional environments of recent sediments in the Upper Don River basin inferred from the Korostelevo section, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2012, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 204–216.
Glushankova, N.I., Paleopedogenesis in climatic cycles of Late Pleistocene and Holocene on the Russian Plain, Izv. RGO, 2015a, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 65–82.
Glushankova, N.I., Structure, composition, and depositional environments of resent sediments in the Lower Rama River basin, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2015b, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 192–202.
Glushankova, N.I. and Agadjanian, A.K., Paleogeographical conditionality of formation and distribution of periglacial-loess formation of Neopleistocene in Sura, Vyatka, and Kama river basins, Izv. RGO, 2017, vol. 149, no. 5, pp. 56–80.
Glushankova, N. and Sudakova, N., Glacial stratigraphy of the Lower Pleistocene in the Oka-Don Region, in Glacial Deposits in North-East Europe, Ehlers J. , Eds., Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1995, pp. 157–160.
Glushankova, N.I., Gribchenko, Y., and Sudakova, N., Lithology of the Lower Pleistocene tills in the southern glaciated area of Russia, in Glacial Deposits in North-East Europe, Ehlers J., Eds., Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1995, pp. 161–166.
Gribchenko, Yu.N. and Nemtsova, G.M., The segment of Lake Beloe–Vologda–Nosar’–Trubnika–Yakovlevskoe, in Oledeneniya srednego pleistotsena Vostochnoi Evropy (Middle Holocene Glaciations of Eastern Europe), Moscow: GEOS, 2001, pp. 64–74.
Grichuk, V.P., Istoriya flory i rastitel’nosti Russkoi ravniny v pleistotsene (History of Flora and Vegetation of the Russian Plain in the Pleistocene), Moscow: Nauka, 1989 [in Russian].
Grishchenko, M.N., The Neogene and Quaternary paleogeography of the Don River basin in the USSR, in Materialy po chetvertichnomu periodu SSSR (Materials on the Quaternary Period in the USSR), 1952, vol. 3, pp. 145–157.
Iosifova, Yu.I., Agadjanian, A.K., Ratnikov, V.Yu., and Shik, S.M., On the Ikorets Formation and Horizon of the uppermost Lower Neopleistocene in the Mastyuzhenka section, Voronezh oblast, Bull. Reg. Interdepart. Stratigr. Com. on the Centre and South of the Russian Platform, 2009. vol. 4, pp. 89–104.
Istoriya pleistotsenovykh ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny (The History of Pleistocene Lakes of the East European Plain), St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1998 [in Russian].
Izmenenie klimata i landshaftov za poslednie 65 millionov let (kainozoi: ot paleotsena do golotsena) (Changes in Climate and Landscapes during the last 65 Ma in the Cenozoic: from the Paleocene to Holocene), Velichko, A.A., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 1999 [in Russian].
Janczyk-Kopikova, Z., The Ferdinandow Interglacial in Poland, Geol. Quart., 1991, vol. 35, pp. 71–80.
Jersac, J., Nature of fossil soils and their paleogeographic and stratigraphic implication, Biul. Inst. Geologicznego, 1976, vol. 297, pp. 21–39.
Kholmovoi, G.V., Krasnenkov, R.V., and Iosifova, Yu.I., Verkhnii pliotsen basseina Verkhnego Dona (Upper Pliocene of the Upper Don Basin), Voronezh: Voronezh. Gos. Univ., 1985 [in Russian].
Kondratene, O., Stratigrafiya i paleogeografiya kvartera Litvy po paleobotanicheskim dannym (Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of the Lithuania Quaternary on Paleobotanical Data), Vil’nyus: Akademiya, 1996 [in Russian].
Konecka-Betley, K., Fossil soils of Late Pleistocene developed from losses, Roczniki Gleboznavcze, 1994, no. 44, pp. 55–62.
Konecka-Betley, K., Reconstruction of Late Pleistocene and Holocene pedological processes in Central Poland, Roczniki Gleboznavcze, 2001, vol. 36, pp. 75–84.
Krasnenkov, R.V., Iosifova, Yu.I., Shuleshkina, E.A., and Liberman, Yu.N., On the Early Quaternary age of the Don glacial tongue based on the data on small mammals, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1980, vol. 252, no. 3, pp. 677–680.
Krasnenkov, R.V., Kholmovoi, G.V., Glushkov, B.V., and Iosifova, Yu.I., Opornye razrezy nizhnego pleistotsena v basseine Verkhnego Dona (The Lower Pleistocene Reference Sections in the Upper Don Basin), Voronezh: Voronezh. Gos. Univ., 1984 [in Russian].
Krasnenkov, R.V., Iosifova, Yu.I., and Semenov, V.V., The Upper Don Basin as an important stratotype region of the lower part of the Middle Pleistocene (Lower Neopleistocene) of Russia, in Chetvertichnaya geologiya i paleogeografiya Rossii (Quaternary Geology and Paleogeography of Russia), Moscow: GEOS, 1997, pp. 82–96.
Liberoch, I., Einige Bemerkunge zu paleopedologischen problem bay der Gliederungder Loesser, Ber. Geol. Ges. DDR, 1964, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 54–69.
Little, E.C., Lian, O.B., Velichko, A.A., Morozova, T.D., Nechaev, V.P., Dlussky, K.M., and Rutter, N.W., Quaternary stratigraphy and optical dating of loess from the East European (Russia), Quart. Sci. Rev., 2002, vol. 21, pp. 1745–1762.
Markova, A.K., Pleistocene mammals in East Europe, in Struktura, dinamika i evolyutsiya prirodnykh geosistem. Ch. 3. Prirodnaya sreda v pleistotsene (Structure, Dynamics, and Evolution of Natural Geosystems. Pt. 3. Environment in the Pleistocene), Moscow: Izd. Dom “Gorodets”, 2004, pp. 583–598.
Maudina, M.I., Pisareva, V.V., and Velichkevich, F.Yu., The Odintsovo Stratotype in the light of new data, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 1985, vol. 284, no. 5, pp. 1195–1199.
Mojski, J.E., Ziemie Polskie w Czwartorzebie. Zarys Morfogenezy, Warszawa: Panstwowy Inst. Geol., 2005.
Morozova, T.D., Razvitie pochvennogo pokrova Evropy v pozdnem pleistotsen (The Development of the Soil Cover of Europe in the late Pleistocene), Moscow: Nauka, 1981 [in Russian].
Nechaev, V.P., Subaeral cryolithozone in the structure of thew Earth’s natural zoning, in Mater. Tret’ei konf. geokriologov Rossii. T. 3 (Proc. 3rd Conf. Geocryologists of Russia), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2005, pp. 12–13.
Paepe, R., Mariolakos, I., Van Over loop, E., and Keepers, E., Last interglacial-glacial north-south geosoil traverse (from stereotypes in the North Sea Basin and in the eastern Mediterranean), Quat. Int., 1990, vol. 5, pp. 57–70.
Pecsi, M., Problems of loess, GeoJournal, 1991, vol. 24, pp. 143–150.
Pisareva, V.V., Flora and vegetation of the interglacials during Early and Middle Pleistocene in the central regions of Eastern Europe, Chetvertichnaya Geol. Paleogeogr., Moscow: GEOS, 1997, pp. 124–133.
Razrezy otlozhenii lednikovykh raionov Russkoi ravniny (Sedimentary Sequences of Glacial Regions in the Central Russian Plain), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1977 [in Russian].
Resolution of the Workgroup on small mammals (October 8–9, 2007), Byull. Regional. Mezhved. Stratigr. Kom. po Tsentru i Yugu Russkoi Platformy, 2009, vol. 4, pp. 27–29.
Rusakov, A., Nikonov, A., Savelieva, L., Simakova, A., Sedov, S., Maksimov, F., Kuznetsov, V., Savenko, V., Starikova, A., Korkka, M., and Titova, D., Landscape evolution in the periglacial zone of Eastern Europe since MIS5: proxies from paleosols and sediments of the Cheremoshnik key site (Upper Volga, Russia), Quat. Int., 2015, vol. 365, pp. 26–41.
Semmel, A., State of research on the Quaternary of the Federal Republic of Germany. C. Area between the Scandinavian and the Alpine glaciation. I. Periglacial sediments and their stratigraphy, Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 1973, vols. 23/24, pp. 293–305.
Shik, S.M., Pleistocene glaciations in the East European Plain, in Tez. dokl. Mezhd. simp. “Paleoklimaty i evolyutsiya paleogeograficheskikh obstanovok v geologicheskoi istorii Zemli” (Proc. Int. Symp. Paleoclimates and Evolution of Paleogeographic Environments during the Geological History of the Earth”), Petrozavodsk, 1998.
Shik, S.M., Some problems of global and regional stratigraphy of the Quaternary System, in Problemy regional’noi geologii: muzeinyi aspekt (Problems of Regional Geology: Museum Aspect), Moscow: Akropol’, 2004a, pp. 189–191.
Shik, S.M., A modern approach to the stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits of the central part of the East European Platform, Byull. Mosk. O–va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Geol., 2004b, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 82–92.
Shik, S.M., Problems of Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleogeography, in Mater. IV Vseross. soveshch. po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda (“Kvarter 2005”) (Proc. IV All-Russ. Quaternary Conf. (“Kvarter 2005”)), Syktyvkar: Geoprint, 2005, pp. 459–460.
Shik, S.M., Zarrina, E.P., and Pisareva, V.V., The Neopleistocene stratigraphy and paleogeography of the central and northwestern European Russia, in Palinologicheskie, klimatostratigraficheskie i geoekologicheskie rekonstruktsii (Palynological, Climatostratigraphic, and Geoecological Reconstructions), St. Petersburg: Nedra, 2006, pp. 85–121.
Shik, S.M., Some problems of Quaternary stratigraphy and paleogeography, Byull. Kom. po Izuch. Chetvertichnogo Perioda, 2008, no. 68, pp. 40-49.
Shik, S.M., A modern approach to the Neopleistocene stratigraphy and paleogeography of Central European Russia, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2014, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 219–230.
Shik, S.M., Paleobotanical characteristics of interglacials in the Neopleistocene of the Central European Russia, in Aktual’nye problemy paleogeografii i stratigrafii pleistotsena (Actual Problems of Paleogeography and Stratigraphy of the Pleistocene), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2015, pp. 229–231.
Shik, S.M., Osipova, I.M., and Ponomareva, E.A., Hypostratotype of the Gorkinsky Horizon (Middle Pleistocene) near the village of Pal’nikovo (Tver oblast), Byull. Regional. Mezhved. Stratigr. Kom. po Tsentru i Yugu Russkoi Platformy, 2009, vol. 4, pp. 111–121.
Sinitsyn, A.A., Geological and cultural sequences of the Palaeolithic site Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora), Middle Don. Problems of chronology, in Tr. Mezhd. rab. Soveshch. “Problema korrelyatsii pleistotsenovykh sobytii na Russkom Severe” (Proc. Int. Workshop “Problems of Correlation of Pleistocene Events in the Russian North”), St. Petersburg: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2006, pp. 92–93.
Smolikova, L., On the development of Pleistocene soils in Czechoslovakia, in Lithology and Stratigraphy of Loess and Paleosols. Proc. Symp. Organized by INQUA Commission on Loess and Paleopedology. XI INQUA Congress, Budapest, 1984, pp. 33–38.
Spiridonova, E.A., Palynological characteristic of the Middle Valdai megainterstadial and its significance for reconstructing the evolution of flora and vegetation in the Russian Plain, Byull. Kom. Izuch. Chetvertichnogo Perioda, 1983, no. 52, pp. 42–57.
Stremme, N.E., Correlation of the Quaternary paleosols, in Project 73-1-24 “Quaternary Glaciation in the Northern hemisphere”, Report no. 8, Kyoto, 1982, Pa-217.
Stremme, N.E., Correlation of the Quaternary pedostratigraphy from Western to Eastern Europe Russia, in Terra Nostra. International Union for Quaternary Research. XIV Int. Congr., Berlin, 1995.
Sudakova, N., Nemtsova, G., Andreicheva, L., Bolshakov, V., and Glushankova, N., Lithology of the Middle Pleistocene tills in the central and southern Russian Plain, in Glacial Deposits in North-East Europe, Ehlers J., et al., Eds., Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1995, PP. 175–182.
Sudakova, N.G., Nemtsova, G.M., and Glushankova, N.I., Paleogeographical regularities of spatial and temporal variability of the composition of moraines in the central part of the East European Plain, Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Univ. Ser. 5: Geogr., 2014, no. 4, pp. 62–68.
Sudakova, N.G., Vvedenskaya, A.I., Glushankova, N.I., and Kostomakha, V.A., Paleogeographic provinces of the periglacial-loess association in the Middle Volga basin, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2017, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 61–68.
Turner, Ch., Volcanic maars, long Quaternary sequences and the worker of the INQUA subcomission on European Quaternary stratigraphy, Quat. Int., 1998, vols. 47–48, pp. 41–49.
Udartsev, V.P., To the problem of relationships between cover and glacial complexes in the Oka–Don Plain, in Vozrast i rasprostranenie maksimal’nogo oledeneniya Vostochnoi Evropy (Age and Distribution of the Maximum Glaciation in Eastern Europe), Moscow: Nauka, 1980, pp. 20–72.
Urban, B., Palynological evidence of younger Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Holsteinaian, Reinsdorf and Schoningen) in the Schoningen open cast lignite mine (eastern Lower Saxony, Germany), Mended. Rinks. Geol. Dents., 1995, vol. 52, pp. 175–186.
Valueva, M.N. and Krasnenkov, R.V., Results of palynological studies of Upper Pliocene and Lower Quaternary deposits of the reference Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene of central areas of the European part of Russia. Moscow: Rosgeolfond, 1981, pp. 5–13.
Velichko, A.A., On the age of moraine deposits of Dneprovian and Don glacial tongues, in Vozrast i rasprostranenie maksimal’nogo oledeneniya Vostochnoi Evropy (Age and Distribution of the Maximum Glaciation in Eastern Europe), Moscow: Nauka, 1980, pp. 7–20.
Velichko, A.A., The basic features of landscape changes in the territory of Northern Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, in Dinamika landshaftnykh komponentov i vnutrennikh morskikh basseinov Severnoi Evrazii za poslednie 130 000 let (Dynamics of Landscape Components and Inland Marine Basins in North Eurasia in the Last 130 000 Years), Velichko, A.A., Eds., Moscow: GEOS, 2002, pp. 109–114.
Velichko, A.A., Evolyutsionnaya geografiya: problemy i resheniya (Evolutionary Geography: Problems and Solutions), Moscow: GEOS, 2012 [in Russian].
Velichko, A.A. and Morozova, T.D., Evolution of pedogenesis in the Pleistocene, in Mnogolikaya geografiya (Many-Sided Geography), Moscow: Inst. Geogr. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2005, pp. 65–75.
Velichko, A.A., Udartsev, V.P., Morozova, T.D., Markova, A.K., Pevzner, M.A., Gribchenko, Yu.N., and Sycheva, S.A., On the different ages of moraine deposits of the Dneprovian and Don branches of the cover glaciation in the East European Plain, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1977, vol. 232, no. 5, pp. 1142–1145.
Velichko, A.A., Markova, A.K., Pevzner, M.A., and Udartsev, V.P., The position of the Matuyama-Bryunes boundary in the cronostratigraphic scale of continental deposits of Eastern Europe, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1983, vol. 269, no. 5, pp. 1147–1150.
Velichko, A.A., Gribchenko, Yu.N., Gubonina, Z.P., Morozova, T.D., Nechaev, V.P., Sycheva, S.A., Timireva, S.N., Udartsev, V.P., Khalcheva, T.A., Tsatskin, A.I., and Chikolini, N.I., Lessovo-pochvennaya formatsiya Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny. Paleogeografiya i stratigrafiya (The Loess-Soil Formation on the East European Plain: Paleogeography and Stratigraphy, Moscow: Inst. Geogr. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1997 [in Russian].
Velichko, A.A., Morozova, T.D., Nechaev, V.P., Udartsev, V.P., and Tsatskin, A.I. Problemy khronostratigrafii i korrelyatsii lessovo-pochvennoi formatsii Russkoi ravniny (Problems of Chronostratigraphy and Correlation of the Loess-Soil Formation of the Russian Plain), Moscow: Inst. Geogr. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1992, pp. 115–140.
Velichko, A.A., Faustova, M.A., Gribchenco, Y.N., Pisareva, V.V., and Sudakova, N.G., Glaciation of the East European Pain—distribution and chronology, in Quaternary Glaciations—Extend and Chronology, Part 1: Europe, Gibbard, J., Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004, pp. 337–354.
Velichko, A.A., Zelikson, E.M., Borisova, O.K., Gribchenko, Yu.N., Morozova, T.D., and Nechaev, V.P., Quantitative climate reconstructions of East European Plain over the last 450 thousand years., Izv. RAN. Ser. Geogr., 2004, no. 1, pp. 7–25.
Zazhigin, V.S., On collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx, Microtinae, Rodentia) of Oygos-Yar in Eastern Siberia and on taxonomic status of Middle Pleistocene species of Dicrostonyx genera, in Estestvennaya istoriya Rossiiskoi Vostochnoi Arktiki v pleistotsene i golotsene. Sb. statei (Coll. Sci. Works “The Natural History of the Russian Eastern Arctic in Pleistocene and Holocene”), Moscow: GEOS, 2003, pp. 14–26.
Zelikson, E.M., On the flora from the sub-moraine deposits of the Don Basin based on the data from the Novokhopersk section)\, in Vozrast i rasprostranenie maksimal’nogo oledeneniya Vostochnoi Evropy (Age and Distribution of Maximum Glaciation in Eastern Europe), Moscow: Nauka, 1980, pp. 168–189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Reviewers V.S. Zykina and A.S. Tesakov
Translated by D. Voroshchuk
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Glushankova, N.I., Agadjanian, A.K. The Neopleistocene of the Oka–Don Periglacial-Loess Province: Stratigraphy, Paleogeography, Correlation. Stratigr. Geol. Correl. 29, 572–597 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593821050038
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593821050038