Abstract
We tracked the spawning habitat use of two native stream gobies (Rhinogobius fluviatilis and Rhinogobius nagoyae) before and during the invasion of a non-native goby (Rhinogobius sp. OR) and after its disappearance in the Tani River, Japan. Throughout the three phases, the majority of the two native gobies showed high preference and use for the habitat with medium-fast current velocity and coarse substrates as spawning sites. When the non-native Rhinogobius sp. OR invaded, the majority of them also preferred and used the same habitat as spawning sites, and the spawning habitat use of the three Rhinogobius species substantially overlapped. These results suggest that the invasion by the non-native goby did not significantly change the spawning habitat use of the two native gobies. However, the similar habitat requirement among the three Rhinogobius species may cause competition for the spawning habitat when the availability of their favorite habitat is greatly restricted. The non-native Rhinogobius sp. OR could utilize the spawning space on the undersurface of nest stones more efficiently than the two native gobies. Therefore, in the non-native Rhinogobius sp. OR, the size of nest stones is unlikely to be a limiting factor for reproductive success. Such ecological characteristics on nest stone use may enable Rhinogobius sp. OR to easily acquire nest stones with less competition in the spawning habitat where they coexist, which have also helped Rhinogobius sp. OR to extend its distribution area.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Okuda N, Yanagisawa Y for discussion, Shimizu T, and Mizuno N for the helpful information and advice; Matsuhana M for the assistance during data collection; Kudo S, Kudo T, Miura M, Matsumoto K, and other members of the Kamogawa Fishermen’s Union for providing their facilities and kindness; and Janelli G. Garibay for reviewing the English text.
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This study was supported by the River Environment Fund (REF: 16–1-(4)-33), in charge of the Foundation of River and Watershed Environment Management (FOREM), Japan, and by grants from the 21st Century COE program of the Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan.
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SI, MI, and KO conceived and designed the investigation. SI, YT, AS, HO, MS, and YU performed the fieldwork. SI and MI analyzed the data. All the authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
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The survey was conducted with permission of the Ehime Prefectural Government based on Article 48 of the fisheries coordination regulations of the Ehime prefecture ordinance. The capture and use of study animals therefore comply with the prefectural ordinance on the fisheries coordination regulations as approved under laws of fisheries (Article 57 and 119) and aquatic resources conservation (Article 4) in Japan. In this study, all the captured fish were released alive near their site of capture after measurement.
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Ito, S., Tamura, Y., Sato, A. et al. Effect of a non-native freshwater goby invasion on spawning habitat use of two native freshwater gobies. Environ Biol Fish 104, 1341–1351 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-021-01159-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-021-01159-8