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Natural and Anthropogenic Coastal Environmental Hazards: An Integrated Remote Sensing, GIS, and Geophysical-based Approach

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AbstractSection Abstract

Monitoring sources of environmental risks from rising groundwater levels and associated soil degradation is a substantial challenge in coastal regions of the world. The integration of remote sensing and subsurface data, followed by field geophysical surveys, provided an innovative approach for identifying sites susceptible to environmental risks from natural coastal interventions and anthropogenic activities. In this work, various remote sensing (Landsat-5–7-8 and ALOS/PALSAR-DEM), and subsurface (110 boreholes describing soil type, groundwater chemistry, and geotechnical clay plasticity) datasets were integrated in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to generate a site hazard susceptibility map (SHSM) for Suez city, Egypt, as an example of urban geohazard in coastal environments. Accordingly, the obtained very high susceptibility zone (2.95% of the area), located in the south-eastern regions, showed permanent wetlands since 1986, shallow groundwater level, and marine soil facies with thick clay layers. These conditions enhanced the risk of water salinity and swelling potentiality even without anthropogenic intervention. The constructed SHSM model was validated against the spatial distribution of affected infrastructures mapped by field observations and was found to provide accurate results. Additionally, the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, collected over the vulnerable sites, revealed the presence of a buried paleo-sand channel extending from the Gulf of Suez and acting as a conduit for seawater inundation during winter seasons. These results highlight the significance of the proposed approach as a practical and cost-effective tool for coastal vulnerability mapping in order to better understand the complexity of multi-dimensions criteria for geohazard modelling. This holistic approach is an important phase to guide priorities of urban planning and would improve the analysis of coastal vulnerability and could be employed in other coastal cities worldwide.

AbstractSection Article Highlights

  • Analysis of geomorphological, geological, hydrogeologic, and geotechnical elements in the coastal cities is required to understand the responses to natural and anthropogenic forces

  • An integrative approach of Remote Sensing and geophysical datasets is proposed for assessing sites susceptible to geohazards from natural coastal interferences and anthropogenic activities

  • The reliability of the SHSM model is validated by field observations and Electrical Resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles in the very high susceptibility zone studied

  • The results indicate that the proposed approach is a practical and cost-effective tool for coastal vulnerability mapping

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for Eng. Abdul Samad, Eng. Fawzi and Eng. Mona (Suez governorate) for their assistance in obtaining permission for field visits and geophysical surveys. The authors would like to thank the USGS and ESA for providing the Landsat and ALOS/PALSAR-1 DEM images, respectively. We wish to thank Dr. Mohammed Ahmed, Assistant Professor of Geophysics, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, TX, USA, for his fruitful criticism and careful review of the manuscript. Thanks are due to the Cultural Affairs and Missions Sector, Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt for the Channel Mission of Youssef Y.M., to the University of Tsukuba as a visiting PhD foreign research fellow.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science and Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt

    Youssef M. Youssef & Mostafa A. Teama

  2. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan

    Youssef M. Youssef & Michiaki Sugita

  3. Environmental Geophysics Lab (ZEGL), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    Khaled S. Gemail

  4. Department of Geological and Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt

    Mohammed AlBarqawy

  5. Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Magaly Koch

  6. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt

    Saada A. Saada

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  1. Youssef M. Youssef
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Youssef, Y.M., Gemail, K.S., Sugita, M. et al. Natural and Anthropogenic Coastal Environmental Hazards: An Integrated Remote Sensing, GIS, and Geophysical-based Approach. Surv Geophys 42, 1109–1141 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-021-09660-6

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