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Antibiofilm and Anti-Candidal Activities of the Extract of the Marine Sponge Agelas dispar

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of Agelas dispar on biofilm-producing Candida species. The methanolic extract of A. dispar was obtained and the fraction Ag2 showed inhibitory activity for all 13 Candida strains tested, in concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 0.15625 mg/mL. Antifungal activity of fungicidal nature was seen between 5.0 and 0.3125 mg/mL of extract against the strains. All the strains were classified as biofilm producers. The methanolic extract Ag2 was tested at concentrations of 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL for antibiofilm activity against the biofilm formation and maturation in all the strains of the genus Candida. Treated and untreated biofilm samples were selected for visualization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM allowed the visualization of the quantitative decrease in the microbial community, alterations of structural morphology, and destruction of both the formation and maturation of biofilms, at the cellular level. The mechanism of action of this fraction is suggested to be at the plasma membrane and/or cell wall alteration level. Therefore, the use of the methanolic extract of A. dispar may be a promising antifungal and antibiofilm therapeutic strategy against different species of the genus Candida.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico or the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for their structural and financial support to this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Antonio Carlos Vital Júnior & Vânia Sousa Andrade

  2. Center of Exact and Earth Sciences, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Marcela de Castro Nogueira Diniz Pontes & Renata Mendonça Araújo

  3. Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Janaina Priscila Barbosa & José Francisco Höfling

  4. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Douglas Boniek & Maria Aparecida de Resende Stoianoff

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  1. Antonio Carlos Vital Júnior
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Contributions

MCNDP and RMA executed, analyzed, and interpreted the data for the sponge Agelas dispar extraction and fractionation, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. ACVJ and VSA executed and analyzed the data for the antifungal and antibiofilm activities in the formation and maturation of biofilm among 13 strains of Candida species, designed the work, prepared the article, and translated it into English. JPB and JFH executed and analyzed the data for treated and untreated biofilm samples for visualization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DB and MARS identified the Candida species and participated in the preparation of the article.

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Correspondence to Maria Aparecida de Resende Stoianoff.

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Júnior, A.C.V., de Castro Nogueira Diniz Pontes, M., Barbosa, J.P. et al. Antibiofilm and Anti-Candidal Activities of the Extract of the Marine Sponge Agelas dispar. Mycopathologia 186, 819–832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-021-00591-9

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