Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Environmental Risk
2.1. Geographical Localization
2.2. MDR Carriage in Travelers
3. Occupational Risk
3.1. Hospitalized Patients and Health Workers
3.2. Activities Linked to Animals
4. Risk Linked to Health Status
4.1. Underlying Disease
4.1.1. Diabetes
4.1.2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
4.1.3. Cystic Fibrosis
4.1.4. AIDS
4.1.5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
4.2. Treatments
4.2.1. Antibiotics
4.2.2. Gastric Acid Suppression
4.2.3. Immunosuppressive Treatments
4.3. Extreme Age Groups
4.3.1. Premature Infants
4.3.2. Carriage of MDR Bacteria in Children
4.3.3. The Elderly
5. Preventive and Curative Measures
5.1. Curative Measures
5.1.1. Selective Digestive Decontamination
5.1.2. Inactivation of Antibiotics in the Intestinal Tract
5.1.3. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
5.1.4. Probiotic or Prebiotic Administration
5.2. Preventive Measures
5.2.1. Education on Antibiotic Use: Antibiotic Stewardship
5.2.2. Hygiene Improvement
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AIDS | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
ATB | Antibiotic |
EB | Enterobacterales |
ESBL | Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase |
GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
LTCF | Long-term care facility |
MDR | Multidrug-resistant |
MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
PFGE | Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis |
PPI | Proton pump inhibitor |
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Neut, C. Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101163
Neut C. Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10):1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101163
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeut, Christel. 2021. "Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups" Antibiotics 10, no. 10: 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101163