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Radiochemical Evidence for the Contribution of Chemotyped Siderophore Producing Bacteria Towards Plant Iron Nutrition

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Abstract

Fe deficiency is a major challenge that limits agricultural productivity and is a serious human health concern worldwide. Under iron-limiting conditions soil microorganisms produce siderophores, that chelates Fe3+ (ferric) and make it available to the plants. Selection of efficient siderophore producing bacteria and establishing their role in enhancing iron uptake is a strategic approach for improving plant nutrition. Hence 3 efficient isolates Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas plecoglossida and Lactococcus lactis, selected from a repository of 154 bacteria, producing catecholate, hydroxamate and carboxylate siderophores, respectively, were assessed for Fe chelation efficiency using 59Fe and their role in plant biometric parameters, Fe uptake and antioxidant enzymes with tomato (Strategy I) and wheat (Strategy II) test plants under hydroponic system. Cell-free siderophore preparation (Sid) improved plant parameters and iron nutrition more efficiently than bacterial inoculants. Pantoea agglomerans was proven best as its 59Fe-bound siderophore complex showed the highest uptake of 4.25 and 1.59 Bq plant−1 in wheat and tomato, respectively. Further, the Fe-starved plants (1 µm Fe-EDTA) showed around two-fold higher 59Fe uptake than those raised under Fe-sufficient condition (100 µm Fe-EDTA). Results indicated that probably the bacterial mediated iron translocation in plants is Strategy III, complementing both Strategy I and II by facilitating higher availability of chelated Fe to plant reductases directly and/or through ligand exchange with phytosiderophores, respectively. This study highlights the need for integration of siderophore based formulations in INM strategies for enhancing plant iron content to address the Fe deficiency challenge of the soil and human nutrition.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Post Graduate School and Director, ICAR-IARI for providing JRF during M.Sc. program of the first author. Technical help by Mr Shrikant Gond is acknowledged. Division of Microbiology, Nuclear Research Laboratory and Radio Tracer laboratory are duly acknowledged for providing necessary facilities for the experiments.

Funding

This study is a part of approved research project for Master’s thesis of ATV under PG School, funded by Indian Council of Agricultural (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi under AS as Guide.

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All authors contributed to the study conception, design and execution. Bench work, Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by ATV and AS. ATV also contributed to data curation, writing original draft preparation and KAs for more analysis and revision. BS facilitated radioactive work and contributed to editing; AK was involved in providing intellectual input. Overall, AS contributed to conceptualization, design, supervision, methodology, review and editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Archna Suman.

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Abiraami, T.V., Suman, A., Singh, B. et al. Radiochemical Evidence for the Contribution of Chemotyped Siderophore Producing Bacteria Towards Plant Iron Nutrition. Curr Microbiol 78, 4072–4083 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02658-8

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