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Investigations on caesium-incorporated rubidium tin chloride-defect perovskite nanomaterial as highly efficient ultraviolet photocatalysts

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Abstract

Recently perovskites-based inorganic compounds have been researched incredibly for their photocatalytic applications. In this work, rubidium tin chloride [Rb2SnCl6] and caesium-incorporated rubidium [(RbXCs1-X)2SnCl6]-defect perovskites were synthesized for photocatalytic applications. This material is very useful for the degradation of dyes under UV irradiation among other photocatalysts, because of its superior properties such as nontoxicity, low cost, simple preparation methods and long-term thermal stability. The crystal structure, morphology and elemental composition of synthesized defect perovskite materials have been analysed using XRD, FESEM and EDAX mapping analysis. The UV studies reveal that the band-gap values were tuned (from 2.71 eV in Rb2SnCl6 to 3.78 eV in (Rb0.5Cs0.5)2SnCl6), resulting in a blue shift of the PL emission peak (from 458 to 328 nm) due to the incorporation of caesium in rubidium site. The thermal stability of (Rb0.5Cs0.5)2SnCl6 is enhanced over other synthesized defect perovskite materials because 76% of samples remained at the highest temperature of 750 °C. Synthesized defect perovskite materials were used in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV light radiation. Furthermore, an excellent photocatalytic degradation is observed for (Rb0.5Cs0.5)2SnCl6 (78% to 85%) compared to other defect perovskite materials even after 120 min irradiation. The increase in photocatalytic efficiency of (Rb0.5Cs0.5)2SnCl6 is due to strong absorption of light, large separation of electron–holes pairs and the size of the nanoparticles. Also, the radical trapping experiment showed that the super oxide radicals (.O2−) and photo-generated holes (h+) were the predominant active species in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye process. This study concludes that the defect perovskites are the potential materials for photocatalytic application.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors V. Balasubramani acknowledge for financial support through CSIR – Senior Research Fellowship (Ref. No 09/115/0791/2019)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, S.A. Engineering College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600077, India

    R. Ganesan

  2. Department of Physics, Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600062, India

    R. Muralidharan

  3. Department of Physics, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600062, India

    G. Parthipan

  4. Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala R&D Instituute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, India

    S. P. Vinodhini

  5. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India

    V. Balasubramani & T. M. Sridhar

  6. Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India

    R. Arulmozhi & H. Leelavathi

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  1. R. Ganesan
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Ganesan, R., Muralidharan, R., Parthipan, G. et al. Investigations on caesium-incorporated rubidium tin chloride-defect perovskite nanomaterial as highly efficient ultraviolet photocatalysts. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 25409–25424 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07001-2

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