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Fast grain-boundary ionic conduction in multiphase aggregates as revealed by electrical conductivity measurements

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Abstract

Interpretation of deep earth structures from electromagnetic data requires the constraint from the electrical conductivity of various minerals experimentally measured at high temperature and high pressure. However, the combination of these measured conductivities of different minerals always fails to match the conductivities of the multiphase rocks under in-situ conditions. To investigate the effect of ion segregation at grain boundaries on bulk conductivity, we measured the electrical conductivities of quartz, albite, and orthoclase single-phase aggregates, as well as those of two multiphase aggregates made up of the three minerals at both ambient pressure and 1 GPa over a range of temperatures. The electrical conductivities of the multiphase aggregates were an order of magnitude higher and the activation enthalpies were lower than those of the three single-phase aggregates. A significant dependence of conductivity on grain size was identified in the multiphase aggregates but not in the single-phase aggregates. The interdiffusion of alkali ions between orthoclase and albite initiated grain boundary ionic conduction, which enhanced the bulk conductivity of the multiphase aggregates to 20 S/m at 1073 K. This conduction mechanism might explain the electrical conductivity anomalies of the active shear zone in the crust.

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adapted from the model of Ten Grotenhuis et al. (2004). MA1 (red solid line) and MA2 (blue solid line) are the best fitting curves based on MA1-G and MA1-P (red solid line), MA2-G, and MA2-P (blue dots), respectively, at 1 GPa and 1073 K. The grain size of MA1-G and MA2-G was set at 200 µm, while that of MA1-P and MA1-P was set at 20 µm. The orange shaded area denotes the conductivity of the middle crust under the Songpan-Ganzi block, in Tibet (Wang et al. 2014c)

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Acknowledgements

We would like to sincerely thank Dr. Xiong Wang, Jiayuan Bai, Prof. Christopher Ling and Dr. Qingbo, Xia for the help in conducting experiments, as well as the input from Dr Richard Flood. We are grateful to Prof. Martyn Unsworth for the constructive suggestions. This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (91755215, 42072051), CAS “Light of West China” program (Y9CR026 to X. G.), Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP160103502 and Open Research Program GPMR201801 funded by State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan. Kui Han would like to thank Macquarie University for an International Research Training Scholarship (iRTP) and Chengdu University of Technology for starting-up grant (10912-KYQD2020-08600) and (80000-2020ZF11409). This work is indebted to the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid System for facilitating the research work. All of the data reported in this paper is available through EarthChem Library (https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/111815).

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  1. College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China

    Kui Han & Xuben Wang

  2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Core To Crust Fluid Systems and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Kui Han & Simon M. Clark

  3. Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China

    Xinzhuan Guo

  4. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China

    Xinzhuan Guo & Junfeng Zhang

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Han, K., Guo, X., Zhang, J. et al. Fast grain-boundary ionic conduction in multiphase aggregates as revealed by electrical conductivity measurements. Contrib Mineral Petrol 176, 80 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01841-1

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