Silicon (Si) donors in GaAs have been the topic of extensive studies since Si is the most common and well understood $n$-type dopant in III-V semiconductor devices and substrates. The indirect band gap of AlAs compared to the direct one of GaAs leads to interesting effects when introducing Si dopants. Here we present a study of cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study Si donors in AlAs at the atomic scale. Based on their crystal symmetry and contrast strengths, we identify Si donors up to four layers below the (110) surface of AlAs. Interestingly, their short-range local density of states (LDOS) is very similar to Si atoms in the (110) surface of GaAs. Additionally, we show high-resolution images of Si donors in all these layers. For empty state imaging, the experimental and simulated STM images based on DFT show excellent agreement for Si donors up to two layers below the surface.

• Received 14 June 2021
• Revised 7 September 2021
• Accepted 14 September 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.125433