Abstract
Synthetic hexaploid wheat offers breeders ready access to potentially novel genetic variation in wild ancestral species. In this study, we crossed MY3478 (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) as the maternal parent with the stripe rust–resistant SY41 (2n = 2x = 14, DD) as the paternal parent to construct the new hexaploid wheat line NA0928 through natural allopolyploidization. Agronomic traits and the cytology of the S8–S9 generations of NA0928 were analyzed. Abundant variation in agronomic traits was observed among each strain of NA0928 in the S8 generation. Agronomic traits were superior in strains resistant to stripe rust compared with those of highly susceptible strains. The rank order of the coefficients of variation were tiller number (55.3%) > spike length (15.3%) > number of spikelets (13.9%) > plant height (8.7). Number of tillers and spike length are important traits in wheat breeding to improve yield. Cytological observation and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the chromosome number and configuration showed rich variation among NA0928 strains in the S9 generation. Chromosome number ranged from 36 to 44. Variation in chromosome karyotype was detected in the A and B subgenomes. Meiotic chromosome behavior in pollen mother cells and multicolor genomic in situ hybridization revealed that two new synthetic hexaploid wheat strains showed genetic stability; one strain was resistant to stripe rust and developed multiple tillers, and the other strain was susceptible to stripe rust, but both showed improved thousand-kernel weight (TKW) weight and produced multiple tillers. The two strains will be valuable germplasm resources for use in wheat breeding.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asseng S, Guarin JR, Raman M et al (2020) Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:19131–19135. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002655117
Bian Y, Yang CW, Ou XF, Zhang ZB, Wang B, Ma WW, Gong L, Zhang HK, Liu B (2020) Meiotic chromosome stability of a newly formed allohexaploid wheat is facilitated by selection under abiotic stress as a spandrel. New Phytol 220:262–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15267
Chen XM, Kang ZS (2017) Stripe rust. (eBook). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1111-9
Comai L (2000) Genetic and epigenetic interactions in allopolyploid plants. Plant Mol Biol 43:387–399. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006480722854
Dreccer MF, Borgognone MG, Ogbonnaya FC, Trethowan RM, Winter B (2007) CIMMYT selected derived synthetic bread wheat for rainfed environments: yield evaluation in Mexico and Australia Field. Crops Res 100:218–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.07.005
Emebiri LC, Ogbonnaya FC (2015) Exploring the synthetic hexaploid wheat for novel sources of tolerance to excess boron. Mol Breeding 35:68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0273-x
Endo TR, Gill BS (1996) The deletion stocks of common wheat. J Hered 87:295–307. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a023003
Gaeta RT, Chris Pires J (2010) Homoeologous recombination in allopolyploids: the polyploid ratchet. New Phytol 186:18–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03089.x
Klindworth DL, Miller JD, Jin Y, Xu SS (2007) Chromosomal locations of genes for stem rust resistance in monogenic lines derived from tetraploid wheat accession ST464. Crop Sci 47:1441–1450. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0345
Li J, Wei HT, Hu XR, Li CS, Tang YL, Liu DC, Yang WY (2011) Identification of a high-yield introgression locus from synthetic hexaploid wheat in Chuanmai 42. Aata Agronomica Sinica 37:255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-2780(11)60007-2
Li A, Liu D, Yang W, Kishii M, Mao L (2018) Synthetic hexaploid wheat: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Engineering 4:552–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.001
Liu C, Yang XJ, Zhang HK, Wang XT, Zhang ZB, Bian Y, Zhu B, Dong YZ, Liu B (2015) Genetic and epigenetic modifications to the BBAA component of common wheat during its evolutionary history at the hexaploid level. Plant Mol Biol 88:53–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-015-0307-0
Liu DC, Yen C, Yang JL, Zheng YL, Lan XJ (1999) The chromosomal distribution of crossability genes in tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum L. cv. Ailanmai native to Sichuan. China Euphytica 108:79–82. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003691925501
Ma H, Singly RP, Mujeeb-Kazi A (1995) Suppression/expression of resistance to stripe rust in synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum turgidum X T. tauschii). Euphytica 83:87–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01678034
Marais G, Charlesworth B (2003) Genome evolution: recombination speeds up adaptive evolution. Curr Biol 13:68–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01432-X
Mwadzingeni L, Shimelis H, Tsilo TJ (2018) Combining ability and gene action controlling yield and yield components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought-stressed and nonstressed conditions. Plant Breed 137:502–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12609
Mohammadi M, Mirlohi A, Majidi MM, Kartalaei ES (2021) Emmer wheat as a source for trait improvement in durum wheat: a study of general and specific combining ability. Euphytica 217:64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02796-x
Ogbonnaya FC, Ye GY, Trethowan R, Dreceer F, Lush D, Shepperd J, Mvan G (2007) Yield of synthetic backcross-derived lines in rainfed environments of Australia. Euphytica 3:321–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9381-y
Ogbonnaya FC, Abdalla O, Mujeeb-Kazi A, Kazi AG, Xu SS, Gosman N, Lagudah ES, Bonnett D, Sorrells ME, Tsujimoto H (2013) Synthetic hexaploids: harnessing species of the primary gene pool for wheat improvement. Plant Breed Rev 37:35–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118497869.ch2
Pont C, Murat F, Guizard S, Flores R, Foucrier S, Bidet Y, Quraishi UM, Alaux M, Doležel J, Fahima T (2013) Wheat syntenome unveils new evidences of contrasted evolutionary plasticity between paleo-and neoduplicated subgenomes. Plant J 76:1030–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12366
Pshenichnikova TA, Smirnova OG, Simonov AV, Shchukina LV, Morozova EV, Lohwasser U, Börner A (2020) The relationship between root system development and vernalization under contrasting irrigation in bread wheat lines with the introgressions from a synthetic hexaploid. Plant Growth Regul 92:583–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00666-5
Rattey AR, Shorter R (2010) Evaluation of CIMMYT conventional and synthetic spring wheat germplasm in rainfed sub-tropical environments. I Grain Yield Field Crops Research 118:273–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.06.006
Sears ER (1953) Nullisomic analysis in common wheat. Am Nat 87:245–252. https://doi.org/10.2307/2458423
Shimelis H, Spies JJ (2011) Aneuploids of wheat and chromosomal localization of genes. African Journal of Biotchnology 10:5545–5551. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-325
Tang ZX, Yang ZJ, Fu SL (2014) Oligonucleotides replacing the roles of repetitive sequences pAs1, pSc119.2, pTa-535, pTa71, CCS1, and pAWRC.1 for FISH analysis. J Appl Genet 55:313–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-014-0215-z
Trethowan R, Mujeeb-Kazi A (2008) Novel germplasm resources for improving environmental stress tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Crop Sci 48:1255–1265. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0477
Underdahl JL, Mergoum M, Ransom JK, Schatz BG (2008) Agronomic traits improvement and associations in hard red spring wheat cultivars released in North Dakota from 1968 to 2006. Crop Acience 48:158–166. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0018
Villareal RL, Sayre K, Banuelos O, Mujeeb-Kazi A (2001) Registration of four synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum turgidum/Aegilops tauschii) germplasm lines tolerant to waterlogging. Crop Sci 41:274–274. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.411274x
Wang LM, Zhang ZY, Liu HJ, He MZ, Liu HX, Veisz O, Xin ZY (2009) Identification, gene postulation and molecular tagging of a stripe rust resistance gene in synthetic wheat CI142. Cereal Res Commun 37:209–215. https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.37.2009.2.7
Wang YJ, Quan W, Peng NN, Wang CY, Yang XF, Liu XL, Zhang H, Chen CC, Ji WQ (2016a) Molecular cytogenetic identification of a wheat–Aegilops geniculata Roth 7Mg disomic addition line with powdery mildew resist ance. Mol Breeding 36:40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-016-0463-1
Wang YJ, Wang CY, Quan W, Jia XJ, Fu Y, Zhang H, Liu XL, Chen CH, Ji WQ (2016b) Identification and mapping of PmSE5785, a new recessive powdery mildew resistance locus, in synthetic hexaploid wheat. Euphytica 207:619–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1560-7
Wang YJ, Long DY, Wang YZ, Wang CY, Liu XL, Zhang H, Tian ZR, Chen CC, Ji WQ (2020) Characterization and evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew of wheat–Aegilops geniculata Roth 7Mg (7A) alien disomic substitution line W16998. Int J Mol Sci 21:1861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051861
Yang GT, Boshoff WHP, Li HW, Pretorius ZA, Luo QL, Li B, Li ZS, Zheng Q (2021) Chromosomal composition analysis and molecular marker development for the novel Ug99-resistant wheat–Thinopyrum ponticum translocation line WTT34. Theor Appl Genet 134:1587–1599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03796-0
Zeng DY, Guan JT, Luo JT, Zhao LB, Li YZ, Chen WS, Zhang LQ, Ning SZ, Yuan ZW, Li AL, Zheng YL, Mao L, Liu DC, Hao M (2020) A transcriptomic view of the ability of nascent hexaploid wheat to tolerate aneuploidy. BMC Plant Biol 20:97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-2309-6
Zhang MY, Zhang W, Zhu XW, Sun Q, Yan CH, Xu S, Fiedler J, Cai XW (2020) Dissection and physical mapping of wheat chromosome 7B by inducing meiotic recombination with its homoeologues in Aegilops speltoides and Thinopyrum elongatum. Theor Appl Genet 133:3455–3467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03680-3
Zhang HK, Bian Y, Gou XW, Zhu B, Xu CM, Qi B, Li N, Rustgi S, Zhou H, Han FP, Jiang JM, Wettstein DV, Liu B (2013) Persistent whole-chromosome aneuploidy is generally associated with nascent allohexaploid wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:3447–3452. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300153110
Zhao LB, Ning SZ, Yu JJ, Hao M, Zhang LQ, Yuan ZW, Zheng YL, Liu DC (2016) Cytological identification of an Aegilops variabilis chromosome carrying stripe rust resistance in wheat. Breed Sci 66:522–529. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.16011
Zhao N, Zhu B, Li MJ, Wang L, Xu LY, Zhang HK, Zheng SS, Bao Q, Han FP, Liu B (2011) Extensive and heritable epigenetic remodeling and genetic stability accompany allohexaploidization of wheat. Genetics 188:499–510. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.127688
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the support from Prof. Li-Hui Li and Xin-Ming Yang (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) for plant materials, and thank PhD Robert McKenzie for editing language of this manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the Project of science and technology of Shaanxi Province of China (2021NY-081), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant No. 2016YFD0102000), and Crop Germplasm Resources Protection (No. 2019NWB036-02–1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
YJ Wang and WQ Ji conceived the project. YJ Wang created materials. YJ Wang and SW Wang conducted the experiments and analyzed the data. XJ Jia conducted the experiments. ZR Tian, CY Wang, and H Zhang helped in data processing. YF Wang, XL Liu, JX Zhao, and PC Deng assisted in field works. YJ Wang wrote the manuscript. WQ Ji and SW Wang revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Open Access
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Wang, S., Jia, X. et al. Chromosome karyotype and stability of new synthetic hexaploid wheat. Mol Breeding 41, 60 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-021-01253-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-021-01253-w