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Construction of a high-density genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of morphological traits in an F1 Malusdomestica × Malus baccata hybrid

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Abstract

Apple is considered the most commonly grown fruit crop in temperate regions that brings great economic profits to fruit growers. Dwarfing rootstocks have been extensively used in apple breeding as well as commercial orchards, but the molecular and genetic basis of scion dwarfing and other morphological traits induced by them is still unclear. At present, we report a genetic map of Malusdomestica × Malus baccata with high density. The F1 population was sequenced by a specific length amplified fragment (SLAF). In the genetic map, 5064 SLAF markers spanning 17 linkage groups (LG) were included. Dwarf-related and other phenotypic traits of the scion were evaluated over a 3-year growth period. Based on quantitative trait loci (QTL) evaluation of plant height and trunk diameter, two QTL clusters were found on LG 11, which exhibited remarkable influences on dwarfing of the scion. In this analysis, QTL DW2, which was previously reported as a locus that controls dwarfing, was confirmed. Moreover, three novel QTLs for total flower number and branching flower number were detected on LG2 and LG4, exhibited the phenotypic variation that has been explained by QTL ranging from 8.80% to 34.80%. The findings of the present study are helpful to find scion dwarfing and other phenotypes induced by rootstock in the apple.

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Availability of data and materials

All datasets during the above manuscript are available from the additional file or corresponding author.

Abbreviations

SLAF:

Specific length amplified fragment

PH:

Plant height

TD:

Trunk diameter

TF:

Total flower number

IM:

Interval mapping

LG:

Linkage groups

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Md Ashraful for supplying revision kindly.

Funding

This study specializing in “Construction of Jinzhong Comprehensive Test Station of National Apple Industry Technology System” (CARS-27) has been supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA; The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Research Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Study on the Mechanism of Dwarf, Early Flowering and Regulation of Branch Amount of Grafted Varieties by Apple Rootstocks" (YCX2018D2YS17).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China

    Huacheng Cai, Qian Wang, Jingdong Gao, Chunyan Li, Xuemei Du, Baopeng Ding & Tingzhen Yang

  2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, China

    Huacheng Cai, Qian Wang, Jingdong Gao, Chunyan Li, Xuemei Du & Tingzhen Yang

  3. College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China

    Baopeng Ding

  4. College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China

    Baopeng Ding

Authors
  1. Huacheng Cai
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  2. Qian Wang
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  3. Jingdong Gao
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  4. Chunyan Li
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  5. Xuemei Du
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  6. Baopeng Ding
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  7. Tingzhen Yang
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Contributions

TZ Yang planned and designed the research.HC Cai collected the plant materials, performed the experiment, analyzed the data, interpreted results, and wrote the manuscript. Q Wang and JD Gao contributed to sample data collection. CY Li analyzed the part of data. XM Du and BP Ding provided suggestions in drafting the manuscript and edited the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tingzhen Yang.

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Cai, H., Wang, Q., Gao, J. et al. Construction of a high-density genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of morphological traits in an F1 Malusdomestica × Malus baccata hybrid. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 27, 1997–2007 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-01069-0

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