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Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles induce phytotoxicity in Vigna radiata L.

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Abstract

With the recent developments in the field of nanotechnology, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles has increased tremendously. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are among the most synthesized nanoparticles and this extensive synthesis can elevate the amounts of SNPs in the environment, which, consequently, pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and can bring unwanted environmental effects. As plants are an important part of ecosystem, investigation of toxic effects of SNPs on plants is particularly interesting. This study evaluates the potential risk of SNPs interaction with plants. For this, seeds of Vigna radiata L. were screened in presence of SNPs (20 mgL−1) using the germination, growth, and biochemical parameters as a phototoxicity criterion. The 19.57 nm average-sized SNPs were synthesized via the biosynthesis method. These biosynthesized SNPs were then applied on two varieties of V. radiata (Azri and High cross 404) and found to have variety dependent toxic effects on seed germination, growth, and biochemical parameters. Seed germination, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, chlorophyll, carotenoid, sugar content, and total proteins were reduced by 20, 46, 50, 18, 55, 62, 82, and 67%, respectively, in High cross 404, when compared with control (distilled water). The variety Azri was less sensitive than the variety High cross 404. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SNPs affect seed germination and seedling growth when internalized and accumulated in plants, revealing that SNPs were responsible for the side effects. More in-depth research is required, in the form of different concentrations of SNPs or different plant species, to draw a logical conclusion and develop legislation about the safe use of biosynthesized SNPs.

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The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We honestly acknowledge the support and assistance extended by the Institute of Space Technology (IST) and High-tech Laboratory of the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir for FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy analysis.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan

    Najma Anwar, Ansar Mehmood & Khawaja Shafique Ahmad

  2. Department of Botany, The University of Azad Jammu And Kashmir (UAJK), Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan

    Karamit Hussain

Authors
  1. Najma Anwar
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  2. Ansar Mehmood
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  3. Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
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  4. Karamit Hussain
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Contributions

NA: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. AM: Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. KSA: Writing—review & editing. KH: Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Ansar Mehmood.

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Anwar, N., Mehmood, A., Ahmad, K.S. et al. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles induce phytotoxicity in Vigna radiata L.. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 27, 2115–2126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-01073-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-01073-4

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