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Selected polyoxopalladates as promising and selective antitumor drug candidates

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Abstract

Polyoxo-noble-metalates (PONMs), a class of molecular noble metal-oxo nanoclusters that combine features of both polyoxometalates and noble metals, are a promising platform for the development of next-generation antitumor metallodrugs. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor potential against human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), as well as toxicity towards healthy human peripheral blood cells (HPBCs), of five polyoxopalladates(II): (Na8[Pd13As8O34(OH)6]·42H2O (Pd13), Na4[SrPd12O6(OH)3(PhAsO3)6(OAc)3]·2NaOAc·32H2O (SrPd12), Na6[Pd13(AsPh)8O32]·23H2O (Pd13L), Na12[SnO8Pd12(PO4)8]·43H2O (SnPd12), and Na12[PbO8Pd12(PO4)8]·38H2O (PbPd12)), as the largest subset of PONMs. A pure inorganic, Pd13, was found as the most potent and selective antineuroblastoma agent with IC50 values (µM) of 7.2 ± 2.2 and 4.4 ± 1.2 for 24 and 48 h treatment, respectively, even lower than cisplatin (28.4 ± 7.4 and 11.6 ± 0.8). The obtained IC50 values (µM) for 24/48 h treatment with SrPd12 and Pd13L were 75.8 ± 6.7/76.7 ± 22.9 and 63.8 ± 3.6/21.4 ± 10.8, respectively, whereas SnPd12 and PbPd12 did not remarkably affect the SH-SY5Y viability (IC50 > > 100 µM). Pd13 caused depolarisation of inner mitochondrial membrane prior to superoxide ion hyperproduction, followed by caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest, all hallmarks of apoptotic cell death, and accompanied by an increase in acidic vesicles content, suggestive of autophagy induction. Importantly, Pd13 demonstrated the antitumor effect at concentrations not cytogenotoxic for normal HPBCs. On the contrary, SrPd12 and Pd13L at concentrations ≥ 1/3 IC50 (24 h) decreased HPBC viability and increased % tail DNA up to 42% and 3.05 times, respectively, related to control. SnPd12 and PbPd12, previously confirmed promising antileukemic agents, did not exhibit cytogenotoxicity to HPBCs, and thus could be regarded as tumor cell specific and selective drug candidates.

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Abbreviations

AO:

Acridine orange

CDDP:

Cisplatin

EB:

Ethidium bromide

HPBC:

Human peripheral blood cell

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PI:

Propidium iodide

POM:

Polyoxometalate

PONM:

Polyoxo-noble-metalate

POP:

Polyoxopalladate

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Acknowledgements

This study received funding from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (grant agreements no. 451-03-9/2021-14/200110 and 451-03-9/2021-14/200017), the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, the German Research Council (DFG, KO-2288/20-1) and Jacobs University. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the bilateral projects: Serbia-Germany (no. 451-03-01038/2015-09/16, DAAD-PPP) and Serbia-Croatia (no. 337-00-205/2019-09/19), and COST Actions: CMST CM1203—PoCheMoN, CA16113 – CliniMARK, and CA15132 – hCOMET. MČ and DK would like to thank COST Action CA16113 – CliniMARK for supporting this research with Short-Term Scientific Mission (STSM 44119 and 44120). Figure 1 is generated with Diamond, version 3.2 (Crystal Impact GbR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Andjelka M. Isakovic, Marija Jeremic & Sonja Misirlic-Dencic

  2. Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Mirjana B. Čolović

  3. Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany

    Tian Ma, Xiang Ma & Ulrich Kortz

  4. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marko Gerić & Goran Gajski

  5. Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Danijela Krstić

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Isakovic, A.M., Čolović, M.B., Ma, T. et al. Selected polyoxopalladates as promising and selective antitumor drug candidates. J Biol Inorg Chem 26, 957–971 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-021-01905-4

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