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Assessment of the marine ecotoxic state in the Moroccan coastal area Anza-Taghazout following the installation of two wastewater treatment plants: a multibiomarker study using Mytilus galloprovincialis

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Abstract

The aim of the present study is the first to evaluate the ecotoxic state of the marine environment in Anza-Taghazout coasts (Morocco) after installation of two wastewater treatment plants using a natural population of marine bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis. These coasts are exposed to many discharges generating, thus, different sources of pollutants. These pollutants can modulate the physiological responses of marine bivalves to environmental stress. In this context, a multibiomarker approach consisting of a battery of biomarker evaluation was used to assess the response of these species to stress. In the whole soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis, four biomarkers were evaluated as follows: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (Cat), and malondialdehyde activity (MDA). In parallel, physico-chemical parameters were measured in the marine water of Anza-Taghazout within three selected sites: S1 considered as “hotspot” located at Anza city; S2 located near of Aourir city; and the third site, S3 “reference” located in Imouran beach. Our results showed that activities of both glutathione S-transferase and catalase were higher in M. galloprovincialis collected from site S1, but high values of malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase activities were observed successively at S3 and S2. Application of integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was suitable for classifying the stress response in the M. galloprovincialis but did not allow to evaluate the level of the xenobiotic exposure in the studied sites. The statistical results did not show any significant differences between the three studied sites, and therefore, S1 has recently become clean due to the installation of two wastewater treatment plants.

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Acknowledgements

Our gratitude is expressed to Prof. Saïd EL Madidi for his statistical advices and Prof. Youssef El Ouidani for grammatical language correction.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Youssef El Mourabit, upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of “Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environment”, Faculty of Science of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 8106, Agadir, Morocco

    Youssef EL Mourabit, Mustapha Agnaou & Aicha Ait Alla

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

    Abdellatif Moukrim

Authors
  1. Youssef EL Mourabit
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  2. Mustapha Agnaou
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  3. Aicha Ait Alla
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  4. Abdellatif Moukrim
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Contributions

All the authors declare to have participated in this study, with the following participation: Youssef El Mourabit, Abdellatif Moukrim, and Aicha Ait Alla: experimental design and methodology, Youssef El Mourabit and Mustapha Agnaou: experiment assays and analysis, all authors: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Youssef EL Mourabit.

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EL Mourabit, Y., Agnaou, M., Ait Alla, A. et al. Assessment of the marine ecotoxic state in the Moroccan coastal area Anza-Taghazout following the installation of two wastewater treatment plants: a multibiomarker study using Mytilus galloprovincialis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 11718–11729 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16046-z

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