Abstract
In this work, we examine two modifications of fine-ground calcium carbonate material (GCC) in order to enhanced sorption of NO2 and subsequent reaction properties toward NO2−/NO3− formation by firstly exposing the GCC to supercritical (sc) CO2 in order to increase particle surface area, a choice specifically made to avoid altering the surface chemistry, and secondly considering the potential advantage of using a surface coupling agent toward NO2. The modification by the coupling agent amino silane (AMEO silane) was applied in a supercritical CO2–ethanol mixture. The samples were characterised before and after modification by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), specific surface area determination (BET nitrogen adsorption), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ion chromatography to reveal the effects of the surface modification(s) on the morphology, surface textural properties and sorption versus reaction properties with NO2. The performance of the treated sorbents for NO2 capture was evaluated at room temperature. Results show that reactivity of NO2 with GCC was observed to increase as a function of increased surface area resulting from scCO2 exposure, but that the presence of AMEO silane on the surface, while enhancing initial adsorption of NO2 was seen subsequently to act to block reactivity. Thus, judicious use of coupling agent can provide desired rapid initial adsorption of the gas, but the goal of long-term CaCO3-consuming reactivity, so as to prolong the uptake of NO2 beyond surface saturation alone, is achieved by increasing surface area while retaining chemical-free exposed CaCO3 surface.
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All the data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
Abbreviations
- GCC:
-
Ground CaCO3
- MNFC:
-
Micro nano-fibrillated cellulose
- scCO2 :
-
Supercritical carbon dioxide
- sc1GCC:
-
GCC modified with lower amount of AMEO silane
- sc2GCC:
-
GCC modified with higher amount of AMEO silane
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Acknowledgements
Authors thank Mihailo Mirkovic for assistance during the experimental part of this work. Ion chromatographic analyses were performed under the supervision of Antonie Onjia from the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy of the University of Belgrade and the Director of Anahem Laboratories in Belgrade.
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Omya International AG, Group Sustainability funded this work.
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Conceptualisation, P.G., D.J., P.U., and E.B. Methodology, D.J., S.M., D.S., N.B., M.I., and P.U. Validation, P.G., P.U., and E.B. Formal analysis, N.B., D.S., S.M., K.D.-M., and M.I. Investigation, D.J., K.D.-M., N.B., S.M., and D.S. Resources, P.G., P.U., and E.B. Data curation, D.J. and N.B. Writing—original draft preparation, D.J., N.B., S.M., and D.S. Writing—review and editing, P.G., P.U., D.J., and E.B. Visualisation, P.G., N.B., and K.D.-M. Supervision, S.M., D.S, D.J., P.U., and E.B. Project administration, P.G., D.J., P.U., and E.B. Funding acquisition, E.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Barac, ., Barcelo, E., Stojanovic, D. et al. Modification of CaCO3 and CaCO3 pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide–ethanol mixture for enhanced NO2 capture. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 11707–11717 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16503-9