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Biochemical characterization of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistance to deltamethrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid

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Abstract

Aedes aegypti is an important vector of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus. The objective was to evaluate the resistance of A. aegypti exposed to insecticides with different action modes (deltamethrin, imidacloprid, and fipronil) under intense selection pressure for 10 generations in laboratory. Bioassays were conducted according to World Health Organization. Biochemical assay performed after selection with deltamethrin (Delta-SEL), fipronil (Fipro-SEL), and imidacloprid (Imida-SEL) from G1 to G10 was used for the assessment of detoxification enzymes (esterase (EST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP and ALP)). The Fipro-SEL (G10) had high resistance (77-fold), whereas Delta-SEL and Imida-SEL populations presented very high resistance with 118 and 372-fold, respectively, in comparison with unselected (UNSEL). The levels of EST, AChE, GST, ACP, and ALP enzymes amplified on application from G1 to G10. The enzymes contributing in resistance development of insecticides were as follows: GST (20.7 µmol/min/mg of protein) in Delta-SEL (G10), while AChE 9.71 µmol/min/mg of protein in Imida-SEL (G10) and the peak ACP and ALP enzyme activities 13.32 and 12.93 µmol/min/mg of protein, respectively, in Fipro-SEL (G10). The results showed that detoxification enzymes trigger insecticide resistance in A. aegypti and their suppression may aid in the resistance breakage.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Prof. Dr. José Eduardo Serrão, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil, for sparing his time to check manuscript for improvement of English language and students who helped in mosquito collection.

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  1. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Waqas Sumra, Shoaib Freed, Muhammad Sheraz Shah, Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar, Sikandar Hussain & Afifa Naeem

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  1. Muhammad Waqas Sumra
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  2. Shoaib Freed
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Contributions

Muhammad Waqas Sumra: Methodology, Analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing — original draft writing. Shoaib Freed: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, analysis, Supervision, Writing — original draft, Writing — review and editing. Muhammad Sheraz Shah: Methodology, Data curation, Writing — review and editing. Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar: Methodology, Data curation, Writing. Sikandar Hussain: Methodology, Writing — review and editing. Afifa Naeem: Data analysis, Writing — review and editing.

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Correspondence to Shoaib Freed.

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Highlights

1. Field collected population of Aedes aegypti developed 118, 77, 372-fold resistance ratio to Deltamethrin, fiproniland imidacloprid from G1-G10 after laboratory selection.

2. The detoxification enzymes activities were increased in all generations.

3. The increased activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases are the major cause of resistance development in A. egypti to the tested insecticides

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Sumra, M.W., Freed, S., Shah, M.S. et al. Biochemical characterization of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistance to deltamethrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid. Environ Monit Assess 193, 665 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09465-5

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