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Life cycle sustainability assessment of optimized biodiesel production from used rice bran oil employing waste derived-hydroxyapatite supported vanadium catalyst

  • Water, Bioenergy and Environmental Sustainability
  • Published:
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Abstract

The present work encompasses the production of biodiesel from an inexpensive waste, viz., used rice bran oil (URBO) through concurrent esterification and transesterification reactions employing the prepared waste duck bone (WDB)-derived natural hydroxyapatite (NAHAp) supported vanadium impregnated solid catalyst (VNAHAp). The optimal VNAHAp catalyst possessed 92.23 m2/g surface area which was much superior to 61.46 m2/g of the V-catalyst (VCHAp) prepared using commercially available hydroxyapatite (CHAp). The optimal (Box–Behnken design) concurrent trans/esterification reaction conditions for biodiesel (FAME) production from URBO and methanol were 5 wt.% catalyst concentration, 8:1 methanol/URBO mole ratio, and 35 wt% NH4VO3 loaded VNAHAp (35VNAHAp) catalyst that resulted in 99.05% FAME yield deploying a low-energy infrared radiator assisted batch reactor (LIRABR) which ensured significantly high FAME yield at milder temperature (60°C) and in shorter reaction time (30 min) compared to a conventionally heated batch reactor. The product biodiesel and its blend with commercial diesel conformed to ASTM D7467-10 specifications. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of the entire process advocated superior sustainability of the biodiesel production using 35VNAHAp catalyst in the LIRABR compared to their conventional counterparts. Valorization of two potential wastes, viz., URBO and WDB, under milder process conditions involving LIRABR and 35VNAHAp resulted in lower environmental impacts, thus rendering a sustainable biodiesel production process towards a greener earth.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

URBO:

used rice bran oil

WDB:

waste duck bone

NAHAp:

natural hydroxyapatite

VNAHAp:

vanadium impregnated solid catalyst

CHAp:

commercially available hydroxyapatite

FAME:

biodiesel

LIRABR:

low-energy infrared radiator assisted batch reactor

CSBR:

conventional stirred batch reactor

LCA:

life cycle assessment

LCI:

life cycle inventory

FAETP:

fresh water aquatic eco toxicity potential

MAETP:

marine aquatic eco toxicity potential

HTP:

human toxicity potential

GWP:

global warming potential

R PL :

precursor loading

R CC :

catalyst concentration

R MR :

methanol/URBO molar ratio

ψ FAME :

FAME yield (%)

P FAME :

produced biodiesel

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support provided by the WEES 2020 International conference, NIT Durgapur, India.

Funding

The financial supports of the Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology; Government of West Bengal (File No. ST/P/S&T/4G-2/2018); RUSA 2.0 (Ref. No. R-11/481/19 and Ref. No. R-11/316/19) Jadavpur University, India; and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (Grant/Award Number: 09/096/(0975)/2019/EMR/I) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Piasy Pradhan, Poulami Karan & Rajat Chakraborty

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  1. Piasy Pradhan
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  2. Poulami Karan
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  3. Rajat Chakraborty
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Contributions

PP conducted the experiments, analyzed and interpreted the data, and prepared the draft manuscript under the guidance of RC. PK analyzed and interpreted the data, software, and wrote the draft manuscript with the support of RC. Besides, RC designed and developed the reactor, conceptualized and supervised the entire research, and wrote and edited the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajat Chakraborty.

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Pradhan, P., Karan, P. & Chakraborty, R. Life cycle sustainability assessment of optimized biodiesel production from used rice bran oil employing waste derived-hydroxyapatite supported vanadium catalyst. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 20064–20077 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16482-x

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