Abstract
Purpose
Women whose mothers have been diagnosed with breast cancer are concerned about their mothers’ illness and fear developing cancer themselves. This study, conducted in Taiwan, aims to understand daughters’ lived experiences after their mothers were diagnosed with breast cancer.
Method
In-depth interviews were conducted to understand daughters’ emotional reactions to their mothers’ diagnoses, their challenges with taking care of their mothers, and their concerns or perceptions regarding their own risks of developing breast cancer. Themes were identified using a phenomenological approach with 18 transcripts.
Results
Six themes were identified: “taking care of my mother is my responsibility”, “desiring sufficient information/support”, “feeling helplessness in providing care”, “expecting a cancer diagnosis in fear”, “anticipating reassurance other than surveillance”, and “worrying about myself is not a priority”. In addition, these themes reflected their concerns about how to support their mothers physically and psychologically, how to manage their own worries about cancer, and how to maintain their health.
Conclusion
The daughters prioritized the responsibility of caring for their mothers physically and psychologically rather than managing their own cancer concerns. Health care professionals should be aware of these priorities to provide education regarding the care of high-risk populations and psychological support to adult daughters.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the authors upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
References
Nelson HD, Zakher B, Cantor A, Fu R, Griffin J, O’meara ES, Buist DS, Kerlikowske K, van Ravesteyn NT, Trentham-Dietz A (2012) Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 156:635–648
Brewer HR, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Ashworth A, Swerdlow AJ (2017) Family history and risk of breast cancer: an analysis accounting for family structure. Breast Cancer Res Treat 165:193–200
Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips K-A, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom M-J, Jervis S, Van Leeuwen FE, Milne RL, Andrieu N (2017) Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA 317:2402–2416
Society[ACS] AC (2019) Breast cancer risk factors you cannot change. In: Book breast cancer risk factors you cannot change. City
Quillin JM, Bodurtha JN, McClish D, Wilson DB (2011) Genetic risk, perceived risk, and cancer worry in daughters of breast cancer patients. J Genet Counsel 20:157–164
Underhill ML, Lally RM, Kiviniemi MT, Murekeyisoni C, Dickerson SS (2012) Living my family’s story: identifying the lived experience in healthy women at risk for hereditary. Breast Cancer Cancer Nurs 35:493–504
Dekeuwer C, Bateman S (2013) Much more than a gene: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, reproductive choices and family life. Med Health Care Philos 16:231–244
Schroeder D, Duggleby W, Cameron BL (2017) Moving in and out of the what-ifs: the experiences of unaffected women living in families where a breast cancer 1 or 2 genetic mutation was not found. Cancer Nurs 40:386–393
Lin CH, Yap YS, Lee KH, Im SA, Naito Y, Yeo W, Ueno T, Kwong A, Li H, Huang SM, Leung R, Han W, Tan B, Hu FC, Huang CS, Cheng AL, Lu YS, Asian Breast Cancer Cooperative G (2019) Contrasting epidemiology and clinicopathology of female breast cancer in Asians vs the US population. J Natl Cancer Inst 111:1298–1306
Saldov M, Kakai H, McLaughlin L, Thomas A (1998) Cultural barriers in oncology: Issues in obtaining medical informed consent from Japanese-American elders in Hawaii. J Cross-Cult Gerontol 13:265–279
Lim J-w, Ashing-Giwa KT (2013) Is family functioning and communication associated with health-related quality of life for Chinese-and Korean-American breast cancer survivors? Qual Life Res 22:1319–1329
Parsa P, Kandiah M, Abdul Rahman H, Mohd Zulkefli N (2006) Barriers for breast cancer screening among Asian women: a mini literature review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 7:509–514
Pharr JR, Dodge Francis C, Terry C, Clark MC (2014) Culture, caregiving, and health: exploring the influence of culture on family caregiver experiences. Int Sch Res Not 2014
Dowling M (2007) From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches. Int J Nurs Stud 44:131–142
Colaizzi PF (1978) Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology. Oxford University Press, New York
Hashemi-Ghasemabadi M, Taleghani F, Kohan S, Yousefy A (2017) Living under a cloud of threat: the experience of Iranian female caregivers with a first-degree relative with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncol 26:625–631
Ashing-Giwa KT, Padilla G, Tejero J, Kraemer J, Wright K, Coscarelli A, Clayton S, Williams I, Hills D (2004) Understanding the breast cancer experience of women: a qualitative study of African American, Asian American, Latina and Caucasian cancer survivors. Psychooncology 13:408–428
Srinivasan S, Guillermo T (2000) Toward improved health: disaggregating Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander data. Am J Public Health 90:1731–1734
Raveis VH, Pretter S (2005) Existential plight of adult daughters following their mother’s breast cancer diagnosis. Psycho-Oncol 14:49–60
Wiggs CM (2011) Mothers and daughters: intertwining relationships and the lived experience of breast cancer. Health Care Women Int 32:990–1008
Fu MR, Xu B, Liu Y, Haber J (2008) ‘Making the best of it’: Chinese women’s experiences of adjusting to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. J Adv Nurs 63:155–165
Lee ICF, Chen CH (2011) Family caregiver issues: gender, privacy, and public policy perspectives. J Nurs 58:57–62
Huang Y-P, Wang S-Y, Chen S-H, Hsu W-Y, Chang M-Y (2019) The experience of spousal caregivers of patients recently diagnosed with cancer in Taiwan. Collegian 26:477–484
Lin H-C, Lin W-C, Lee T-Y, Lin H-R (2013) Living experiences of male spouses of patients with metastatic cancer in Taiwan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14:255–259
Chalmers K, Thomson K (1996) Coming to terms with the risk of breast cancer: perceptions of women with primary relatives with breast cancer. Qual Health Res 6:256–282
Vodermaier A, Stanton AL (2012) Familial breast cancer: less emotional distress in adult daughters if they provide emotional support to their affected mother. Fam Cancer 11:645–652
Huaxue W, Dechang J (2014) Value discrepancy between Chinese collectivism and western individualism from the Daqing spirit. Cross-Cult Commun 10:43–47
Andic S, Karayurt O (2012) Determination of information and support needs of first degree relatives of women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13:4491–4499
Aloweni F, Nagalingam S, Yong BSL, Hassan N, Chew SM (2019) Examining the information and support needs of first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients. Proc Singap Healthc 28:203–207
Paalosalo-Harris K, Skirton H (2017) Mixed method systematic review: the relationship between breast cancer risk perception and health-protective behaviour in women with family history of breast cancer. J Adv Nurs 73:760–774
Heiniger L, Butow PN, Price MA, Charles M (2013) Distress in unaffected individuals who decline, delay or remain ineligible for genetic testing for hereditary diseases: a systematic review. Psycho-Oncol 22:1930–1945
Caruso A, Vigna C, Maggi G, Sega FM, Cognetti F, Savarese A (2008) The withdrawal from oncogenetic counselling and testing for hereditary and familial breast and ovarian cancer. a descriptive study of an Italian sample. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 27:1–8
Funding
S.Y.F. received support from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Research Project Grant No. 108-2314-B-006-100-MY2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors were responsible and accountable for all parts of the work related to this study. SYF originated the idea, contributed to the study’s conception and design, collected data, and acquired the funding. SYF and YMW analyzed and interpreted the data. KTL provided the resources to recruit participants and provided feedback on the preliminary results. SYF and YMW contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript and gave their approval for the final version to be published.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital (BER-107-392). All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication The participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and interview content.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fang, SY., Wang, YM. & Lee, KT. “The Continuous Shadow of My Mother’s Breast Cancer”: exploring the voice of daughters. Support Care Cancer 30, 1473–1481 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06551-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06551-9