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Coastal dynamics and the evolution of the Acholla lagoon (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia): a multiproxy approach

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Abstract

This study explores the paleoenvironmental changes of the Acholla coast over the last 2000 years by means of subsurface sediment analyses of lagoonal deposits via a multiproxy approach. A sequence of 5 steps is shown to have shaped the coastal development at Acholla and includes (i) the settlement of an open marine embayment during the Upper Pleistocene (substage 5e) in response to a transgressive event as evidenced by the deposition of carbonate sandstones rich in mollusc associations and marine elemental ratios Sr/Al, Ca/Al, Cl/Al, and S/Al; (ii) a sea-level rise towards183 AD, after a long period of emergence of the coast, leading to transgressive deposits of poorly sorted fine sands that are rich in diversified mollusc and ostracod taxa; (iii) a high-energy event (towards 417AD) with a peculiar biofacies characterized by coarse bioclastic mollusc-rich sands, charcoal particles, Tyrrhenian lithoclasts, and high values of marine elemental ratios Cl/Al, S/Al, and Ca/Al; (iv) a progradation of coastal habitats (between 417 and 1577 AD), favored by a period of flooding/detrital input and longshore current drifts, resulting in the development of an extensive sandspit and the formation of the Acholla lagoon. The construction of a Roman pier, originally constructed to protect the Acholla harbor from sedimentation, was counterproductive and favored the expansion of coastal swash bars and extension of the sandspit, ultimately resulting in the abandonment of the Acholla harbor; (v) the closure of the lagoon (from 1577 AD onward) and the built-up of well-sorted silt deposits are marked by the decrease of detrital elemental ratios (Ti/Al, Si/Al, and K/Al) and by reduced ostracod species richness values. The inferred scenario for the evolution at Acholla coast matches those for Sfax and Skhira coast in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). Unlike Sfax and Skhira, however, the Acholla coast has been subjected to uplift by active faults, resulting in a time shift of depositional patterns.

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Acknowledgements

This work is linked to the Project “Tunisian wetlands” of GEOGLOB laboratory. The remarks and suggestions of two anonymous referees were very useful in improving the manuscript. We are thankful to Abdelwahed MOKNI President of the University of Sfax for logistic support and constructive remarks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GEOGLOB Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia

    Mohamed Kamoun & Chahira Zaïbi

  2. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Martin R. Langer

  3. EPOC, UMR 5805, Bordeaux University, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France

    Pierre Carbonel

  4. Water Researches and Technologies Center, Borj Cedria, Tunisia

    Mohamed Ben Youssef

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Kamoun, M., Zaïbi, C., Langer, M.R. et al. Coastal dynamics and the evolution of the Acholla lagoon (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia): a multiproxy approach. Arab J Geosci 14, 2021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07590-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07590-6

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