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Dust storm index anomaly for sand-dust events monitoring in western Iran and its association with the NDVI and LST anomalies

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Abstract

Sand-dust events (SDE) are an increasing concern in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world, which have severely damaged air quality and human health in recent years. This study was conducted to monitor the SDE in western Iran using the dust storm index anomaly (DSIA) during 2000–2018. The spatio-temporal change detection and statistical analysis were used to understand the impacts of normalized difference vegetation cover anomaly (NDVIA) and land surface temperature anomaly (LSTA) on the SDE activities. The area has suffered from the highest dust pollution in 2004, 2009, and 2012 (DSIA>+40) while it experienced the lowest dust pollution in 2002 and 2017 (DSIA<−40). Approximately 48% of western Iran experienced decreasing changes and 52% of the total area experienced increasing changes in dust pollution during 2010–2018 compared to the previous years. Incremental changes in NDVIA and LSTA were observed in 73.2% and 7.5% of the study area while their decreasing changes were observed in 26.8% and 92.5% of the total area, respectively. Spatially, regions affected by the increase in dust pollution are mainly distributed in the eastern and southern regions of the study area. Significant effects of changes in anomalies of both terrestrial parameters on DSIA were observed throughout the study period ((RLSTA-DSIA= +0.52; RNDVIA-DSIA= −0.41); P<0.05). It was also found that spatial correlation between LSTA and DSIA, as well as NDVIA and DSIA in many parts of the study area, was significant at the 95% confidence level (|R| > 0.45). These findings can be useful for decision-makers to assess the risks of dust pollution and reduce its negative consequences in western Iran.

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Data availability

The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Iran Meteorological Organization for providing accurate climatology data and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for making the MODIS products that are freely available.

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  1. Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran

    Zohre Ebrahimi-Khusfi

  2. Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

    Fatemeh Roustaei

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  1. Zohre Ebrahimi-Khusfi
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ZE analyzed and interpreted the meteorological and remotely sensed data, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. FR prepared maps and wrote the introduction section of the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zohre Ebrahimi-Khusfi.

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Ebrahimi-Khusfi, Z., Roustaei, F. Dust storm index anomaly for sand-dust events monitoring in western Iran and its association with the NDVI and LST anomalies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 11101–11115 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16416-7

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