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Transporters and transcription factors gene families involved in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and assimilation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

Nitrogen (N) as a macronutrient is an important determinant of plant growth. The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers is increasing environmental pollution; hence, the improvement of crop’s nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative for sustainable agriculture. N uptake, transportation, assimilation, and remobilization are four important determinants of plant NUE. Oryza sativa L. (rice) is a staple food for approximately half of the human population, around the globe and improvement in rice yield is pivotal for rice breeders. The N transporters, enzymes indulged in N assimilation, and several transcription factors affect the rice NUE and subsequent yield. Although, a couple of improvements have been made regarding rice NUE, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms operating NUE is scarce. The current review provides a precise knowledge of how rice plants detect soil N and how this detection is translated into the language of responses that regulate the growth. Additionally, the transcription factors that control N-associated genes in rice are discussed in detail. This mechanistic insight will help the researchers to improve rice yield with minimized use of chemical fertilizers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

    Tahmina Nazish & Muhammad Baber

  2. School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China

    Tahmina Nazish, Sami Ullah Jan, Ayesha Javaid & Mohsin Ali

  3. School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London, KT1 2EE, UK

    Mamoona Arshad

  4. Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Sami Ullah Jan

  5. National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Hassaan Khan & Muhammad Afzal Naeem

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  1. Tahmina Nazish
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Correspondence to Mohsin Ali.

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Nazish, T., Arshad, M., Jan, S.U. et al. Transporters and transcription factors gene families involved in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and assimilation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transgenic Res 31, 23–42 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-021-00284-5

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