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Flexible for Multiple Equations about GHZ States and a Prototype Case

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Abstract

According to the peculiar entanglement and measurement properties of the three-particle GHZ state, we have systematically analyzed that two GHZ states and three GHZ states satisfy some expressions after exchanging one or two groups of particles respectively, which are described as four interesting and flexible equations. The four equations can deduce that four GHZ states or even m GHZ states still satisfy some expressions after exchanging one group and two groups of particles, and they can be summarized as two general flexible equations. Furthermore, we also investigate their application in the field of quantum key agreement based on these equations. In particular, we combine with decoy photons to propose a novel session key sharing protocol, which can guarantee the unconditional security of the protocol. It is feasible to use the existing quantum processing technology to realize the proposed protocol.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2019-MS-286), and Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. LJC202007).

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  1. Software College, Shenyang Normal University, No.253, HuangHe Bei Street, HuangGu District, Shenyang, 110034, PC, China

    Chaonan Wang, Zexi Li & Hongfeng Zhu

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  1. Chaonan Wang
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  2. Zexi Li
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  3. Hongfeng Zhu
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Correspondence to Hongfeng Zhu.

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Wang, C., Li, Z. & Zhu, H. Flexible for Multiple Equations about GHZ States and a Prototype Case. Int J Theor Phys 60, 3868–3884 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-021-04948-0

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