Skip to main content
Log in

Compensation of errors of alignment and contact pattern repositioning in hypoid gears with low crossing shaft angle

  • Published:
Meccanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The investigation of the influence of different errors of alignment on the mesh behavior of hypoid gears with low crossing shaft angle has been carried out. As a result, a simplified methodology of compensation of errors of alignment and correction of the contact pattern by controlled axial displacements to the pinion and wheel of the hypoid gear set has been proposed. The shaft angle error and the offset error mainly influence the position of the contact pattern in profile direction. The pinion and wheel axial position errors influence the position of contact pattern along the tooth trace direction and change the position slightly along the tooth profile direction. All the assembly errors increase the peak-to-peak value of transmission errors, except positive values of the pinion axial position error that allows decreasing the peak-to-peak transmission error slightly in an appropriate range. Finite element analysis has been performed to verify the compensating ability of the developed methodology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Stewart AA, Wildhaber E (1926) Design, production and application of the hypoid rear-axle gear. SAE Tech 18:575–580

    Google Scholar 

  2. Stadtfeld HJ (2009) Hypoloid gears with small shaft angles and zero-to-large offsets. Gleason Company Publication, Randburg, pp 59–66

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gonzalez-Perez I, Fuentes-Aznar A (2015) An approach for determination of basic machine-tool settings from blank data in face-hobbed and face-milled hypoid gears. J Mech Des 137:093303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kolivand M, Kahraman A (2009) A load distribution model for hypoid gears using ease-offtopography and shell theory. Mech Mach Theory 44:1848–1865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Liang C, Song C, Zhu C et al (2020) Investigation of tool errors and their influences on tooth surface topography for face-hobbed hypoid gears. J Mech Des 142(4):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Litvin FL, Gutman YE (1981) Methods of synthesis and analysis for hypoid gear-drives of formate and helixform-part 1. Calculations for machine settings for member gear manufacture of the formate and helixform hypoid gears. J Mech Des 103:83–88

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhu C, Song C, Lim T et al (2013) Pitch cone design and influence of misalignments on tooth contact behaviors of crossed beveloid gears. Mech Mach Theory 59:48–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ni G, Zhu C, Song C et al (2017) Tooth contact analysis of crossed beveloid gear transmission with parabolic modification. Mech Mach Theory 113:40–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu S, Song C, Zhu C et al (2018) Effects of tooth modifications on mesh characteristics of crossed beveloid gear pair with small shaft angle. Mech Mach Theory 119:142–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Litvin FL, Chen JS, Sep TM et al (1995) Computerized simulation of transmission errors and shift of bearing contact for face-milled hypoid gear drive. J Mech Des 117:262–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Simon V (1998) The influence of misalignments on mesh performances of hypoid gears. Mech Mach Theory 33:1277–1291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hotait AM, Kahraman A, Nishino T (2011) An investigation of root stresses of hypoid gears with misalignments. J Mech Des 133:071006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu S, Song C, Zhu C et al (2019) Investigation on the influence of work holding equipment errors on contact characteristics of face-hobbed hypoid gear. Mech Mach Theory 138:95–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yang X, Zhu C, Song C et al (2019) Impacts of misalignments on mesh behaviors of face-hobbed hypoid gear considering system deformation. IEEE Access 7:79244–79253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lim TC, Wang J (2015) Effects of assembly errors on hypoid gear mesh and dynamic response. Int Des Eng Tech Conf Comput Inf Eng Conf 4742:801–806

    Google Scholar 

  16. Litvin FL, Vecchiato D, Yukishima K et al (2006) Reduction of noise of loaded and unloaded misaligned gear drives. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 195:5523–5536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Guo H, Fuentes-Aznar A (2020) Compensation of errors of alignment caused by shaft deflections in face-gear drives generated by shaper cutters. Mech Mach Theory 144:103667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Simon V (2008) Machine-tool settings to reduce the sensitivity of spiral bevel gears to tooth errors and misalignments. J Mech Des 130:082603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Simon V (2007) Load distribution in spiral bevel gears. J Mech Des 129(2):201–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Simon V (2005) Computer aided loaded tooth contact analysis in cylindrical worm gears. J Mech Des 127(2):973–981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gabiccini M, Bracci A, Guiggiani M (2010) Robust optimization of the loaded contact pattern in hypoid gears with uncertain misalignments. J Mech Des 132:041010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fuentes-Aznar A, Ruiz-Orzaez R, Gonzalez-Perez I (2016) Compensation of errors of alignment caused by shaft deflections in spiral bevel gear drives. Theory and practice of gearing and transmissions. Springer, Cham, pp 301–319

    Google Scholar 

  23. He D, Ding H, Tang J (2018) A new analytical identification approach to the tooth contact points considering misalignments for spiral bevel or hypoid gears. Mech Mach Theory 121:785–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yang X, Song C, Zhu C et al (2020) Computational study on machine settings for face-milled hypoid gears with low shaft angles. J Mech Des 142:113402113402

    Google Scholar 

  25. Liu S, Zhu C, Fuentes-Aznar A et al (2020) Computerized approach for design and generation of face-milled non-generated hypoid gears with low shaft angle. Mech Mach Theory 155:104084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dooner DB (2020) On evolutoids and spatial involutoids to define hypoid flank geometry. Mech Mach Theory 156:104150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sheveleva GI, Volkov AE, Medvedev VI (2007) Algorithms for analysis of meshing and contact of spiral bevel gears. Mech Mach Theory 42:198–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. ABAQUS/Standard User’s Manual. Providence, Rhode Island (2018)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51775061).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chaosheng Song.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, S., Zhu, C., Song, C. et al. Compensation of errors of alignment and contact pattern repositioning in hypoid gears with low crossing shaft angle. Meccanica 56, 2861–2875 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-021-01429-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-021-01429-w

Keywords

Navigation