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Research progress of DLX6-AS1 in human cancers

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Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of translational-repressor RNAs composed of more than 200 nucleotides and formerly considered as “transcriptional noise”. Recently studies have shown that lncRNAs could bind to multiple biomolecules such as DNA, transcription factors, RNA, chromatin complexes and proteins, and regulate target gene expression at multi-levels, thus playing an essential role in human tumors. DLX6-AS1, a recently discovered oncogenic lncRNA, is highly expressed in various human tumors, including lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. This paper mainly reviewed the regulatory mechanism of DLX6-AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in tumor cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transformation, chemotherapy resistance and metabolic changes. Furthermore, the translational value of DLX6-AS1 in cancer was also elucidated, which suggested its potential as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in cancer. In summary, this present article not only makes an in-depth analysis of the expression changes and carcinogenic mechanism of DLX6-AS1 in various human cancers, but also provides a new breakthrough for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

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Abbreviations

LncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNAs

DLX6-AS1:

Distal-less homeobox 6 antisense 1

CeRNA:

Competitive endogenous RNA

CADM1:

Cell adhesion molecule 1

STAT2:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

RIP:

RNA immunoprecipitation

DNMT1:

DNA methyltransferase 1

EMT:

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition

ASO:

Antisense oligonucleotides

PRR11:

Proline-rich 11

WEE1:

WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase

FHL2:

Four and a half LIM domains protein 2

OCT1:

Octamer transcription factor 1

HOXA9:

Homeobox A9

ZEB1:

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1

Snail1:

Snail family transcriptional inhibitor 1

GSPT1:

G1 to S phase transition 1

MMP-2:

Matrix metalloproteinase-2

Cul4A:

Cullin4A

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

YAP1:

Yes-associated protein 1

PLK4:

Polo-like kinase 4

FZD4:

Frizzled 4

SNCG:

Synuclein γ

DLK1:

Delta like noncanonical notch ligand 1

PDK1:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1

TRPC3:

Transient receptor potential canonical 3

RUNX2:

Runt-related transcription factor-2

HSP90B1:

Heat shock protein 90B1

PXN:

Paxillin

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

GC:

Gastric cancer

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

EOC:

Epithelial ovarian cancer

NB:

Neuroblastoma

OS:

Osteosarcoma

BC:

Bladder cancer

LSCC:

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

PC:

Pancreatic cancers

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

LC:

Laryngeal carcinoma

EC:

Esophageal cancer

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

EZH2:

Enhancer of zeste homologue 2

LARGE:

Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This study was supported by the key project of the National significant R&D Program “Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation” (grant number 2019YFE0119300) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82074158).

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Author notes

  1. Yalan Luo, Peng Ge and Mengfei Wang contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People’s Republic of China

    Yalan Luo, Peng Ge, Mengfei Wang, Haiyang Chen, Jiayue Liu, Tianfu Wei & Hailong Chen

  2. Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People’s Republic of China

    Yalan Luo, Peng Ge, Mengfei Wang, Haiyang Chen, Jiayue Liu, Tianfu Wei, Yuankuan Jiang, Jialin Qu & Hailong Chen

  3. Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People’s Republic of China

    Yalan Luo, Peng Ge, Haiyang Chen, Jiayue Liu, Tianfu Wei, Yuankuan Jiang, Jialin Qu & Hailong Chen

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  1. Yalan Luo
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JQ and HC provided manuscript design. YL, PG, MW, HC, JL, TW and YJ had assistance with the manuscript review. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Jialin Qu or Hailong Chen.

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Luo, Y., Ge, P., Wang, M. et al. Research progress of DLX6-AS1 in human cancers. Human Cell 34, 1642–1652 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-021-00613-0

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