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Visual detection of fluoride based on supramolecular aggregates of perylene diimide in 100% aqueous media

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Abstract

A water-soluble perylene imide derivative (PDI-Glu) was synthesized and their supramolecular aggregates composed of PDI-Glu and Al3+ were prepared as a “turn on” fluorometric probe to monitor F− in a purely aqueous system. Based on an “indicator displacement assay” (IDA) approach, the sensing performance and mechanism of PDI-Glu/Al3+ complex toward F− were investigated by absorption and emission spectra. It was suggested that disassembly of PDI-Glu/Al3+ aggregates was promoted by addition of F− through the competitive binding between Al3+ and F−. The detection limit is 240 nmol/L. This method featured simple preparation, excellent water solubility, adjustable self-assembly performance, ease of observation and operation, and high selectivity and sensitivity. It was used for monitoring F− in toothpaste and tap water samples with excellent accuracy and recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first water-soluble perylene diimide-based probe for F− detection in 100% aqueous media. We believe this work could not only extend the sensing scope of water-soluble perylene diimide, but also bring some useful information for the rapid detection of anionic analytes  in aqueous media.

Graphical abstract

The disassembly of supramolecular aggregates of PDI-Glu/Al3+ along with significant fluorescence recovery enable a rapid and visual detection of F− based on an “indicator displacement assay” strategy.

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Funding

Z. Y. Yao received funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant 2019YFC1606303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 31871877), and the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources (Grant 2017B030314182).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xiao Gao, Hao Zhang, Yao Shen, Yining Li, Keren Xiao, Huimin Xu & Zhiyi Yao

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Li Zhang

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  1. Xiao Gao
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Gao, X., Zhang, H., Shen, Y. et al. Visual detection of fluoride based on supramolecular aggregates of perylene diimide in 100% aqueous media. Microchim Acta 188, 331 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04990-z

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