Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite bioceramics from shells of serai snail and mangrove crab in Tanjung Jabung beach: effect of milling process

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate compound that is used as a substitute for damaged body tissues, such as bone and dental implants. HA has been synthesized from the serai snail shells and the mangrove crab of west Tanjung Jabung, Jambi province using the dry method. Calcination of the shell at 1000 °C for 12 hours produces CaO, then contact of CaO with air produces Ca(OH)₂ which is used as a source of calcium in HA synthesis. Milling time variations for 0 hours, 3 hours, and 6 hours. Sintering at 600 °C for 2 hours produces HA as characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and particle size analysis using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). HA which has the highest accuracy of lattice parameters is that which is milling for 3 hours. The diffraction pattern shows the formation of the HA phase accompanied by several other calcium phosphate phases at an angle of 2θ. The FTIR spectrum shows the presence of PO₄^3- and OH⁻groups from HA. PSA analysis shows the longer the milling makes the smaller particle size.