Abstract
Commutative encryption and watermarking (CEW) can provide comprehensive protection for vector data in geographical information system (GIS) by integrating encryption and watermarking. However, the existing CEW methods for image or video are not suitable for GIS vector data. These CEW methods are still unable to ensure independence between encryption and watermarking for GIS vector data. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new CEW method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) for GIS vector data. Firstly, the characteristics of SVD are analyzed for GIS vector data. Then, the singular values are selected as the feature invariant. The stability and independence of the singular values are used for embedding watermark and the orthogonal invariance of the singular values is used for encryption. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the independent of encryption and watermarking, as well as strong robustness and high security for commutative encryption and watermarking. The partial decryption can also be realized by the proposed method, which can achieve the network security real-time decryption for GIS vector data.
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The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Funding
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41971338, 42071362; in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20191373.
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All authors made a valuable contribution to this paper. Na Ren and Changqing Zhu conceived, researched and wrote the paper; Ming Zhao contributed research framing, ideas, context and wordsmithing; Xiaohui Sun and Yazhou Zhao provided data for the paper and completed the experiment.
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Communicated by H. Babaie.
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Ren, N., Zhao, M., Zhu, C. et al. Commutative encryption and watermarking based on SVD for secure GIS vector data. Earth Sci Inform 14, 2249–2263 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00684-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00684-5