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Impurity Systems in Condensed Helium-4

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Abstract

We reviewed systems formed in liquid and solid helium-4 at high concentrations (1016 cm−3 and higher) of impurity particles. A new explanation for the reversible coagulation of fine hydrogen particles into big flakes observed upon the transition of liquid helium into the superfluid phase is proposed. The importance of nanoclusters presence in helium crystals doped with impurity particle for the metastability of icebergs is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Program for Basic Researches 2013–2020 (project AAAA-A18-118112290069-6).

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  1. Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya str. 13/2, Moscow, 125412, Russia

    R. E. Boltnev

  2. Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia

    R. E. Boltnev, I. B. Bykhalo & I. N. Krushinskaya

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  1. R. E. Boltnev
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Boltnev, R.E., Bykhalo, I.B. & Krushinskaya, I.N. Impurity Systems in Condensed Helium-4. J Low Temp Phys 208, 50–66 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-021-02617-4

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