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The evaluation of five commercial bacteriophage cocktails against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swab samples

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Abstract

Infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a growing concern for public health resulting in increase in morbidity, length of hospital stay, and cost of treatment. MRSA nasal swab screening may give clinicians additional information for decision of empiric antimicrobial agents. While increasing antibiotic resistance leads to new treatment approaches, bacteriophages are one of the most promising methods for these alternatives. It was aimed to determine the effectiveness of bacteriophages against MRSA isolates. Nasal swab samples were collected from outpatients without any evidence of infection who applied to Hatay, Mersin and Gaziantep family and immigration health centers. A series (35) were isolated from Turkish patients, and G series (64) were isolated from Syrian immigrants. Methicillin resistance was determined phenotypically and genotypically. Also, antibiotic susceptibilities of all isolates were determined against erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, linezolid, rifampicin, and mupirocin. The total antimicrobial resistance rates of isolates were found to be 11%, 28%, 8%, 5%, 16%, 19%, and 29% respectively. The high susceptibility rate against ciprofloxacin (88.8%) was remarkable. The overall susceptibility of MRSA strains to ENKO, INTESTI, PYO, SES, and staphylococcal bacteriophages was 67.7%, 55.5%, 53.5%, 61.6% and 44.4%, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility rates (except erythromycin) and efficacy of bacteriophages were higher in group A. Considering that high efficacy rates were not achieved in the study and the sensitivity rates of Turkish isolates to all phages were found to be higher than those of Syrian isolates, searching for phages in the geographic regions where the pathogen is common may be helpful to obtain suitable phages for treatment.

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The authors have contributed to designing this study, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the article.

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Correspondence to Banu Kaskatepe.

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This study was approved by Ankara City Hospital Ethics Committee under the approval number E19-007, 2019.

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The manuscript has not been published elsewhere in part or in entirety and is not under consideration by another journal. The authors give their consent for publication in the Archives of Microbiology.

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Erol, H.B., Kaskatepe, B., Bakkaloglu, Z. et al. The evaluation of five commercial bacteriophage cocktails against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swab samples. Arch Microbiol 203, 5735–5743 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02564-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02564-4

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