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A New Species of Paradiplozoon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae), A Gill Parasite of the Schizothorax Fish (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) from the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China

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Abstract

Introduction

Monogeneans of the genus Paradiplozoon were found on the gills of specimens of five species of schizothoracid caught using fyke nets in the upper stream of the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China in May–August 2019.

Methods

The preserved parasite were stained with boric acid magenta and hematoxylin, respectively. Morphological observations, line drawings, photomicrographs and measurements were made in Nikon ECLIPSE E200 imaging optical microscope and digitally edited. The molecular analysis included the study of the sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS 2) of the ribosomal DNA region, calculation and analysis of genetic distance, with phylogenetic reconstructions based on the Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analysis.

Results

The natural infection rate of host fish was 10–88%. Morphological analysis indicated that the average length of the new species was 2.125 mm while the width was 0.69 mm. The anterior part was 1.387 mm in length and the average length of the posterior part was 0.545 mm. The vitellaria was well-developed and located in the front of the body. A single ovary (oval shaped) was located at the back end of the reproductive binding area. A testis (irregular mass) was located behind or parallelled to the ovary. The new species can be distinguished from all the recorded Paradiplozoon species in terms of morphological characteristics such as haptor, clamp and central hook morphology, intestine shape and body size. In addition, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS 2) of the ribosomal DNA region of the diplozoid was compared with that of known diplozoids previously published. It indicated that there were significant differences between the new species and the published diplozoids.

Conclusion

Both morphological and molecular analysis support that the diplozoid is a new species. Based on the sampling location, the new species was named Paradiplozoon yarkandense n. sp.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all the laboratory members for their help on the experiment. We thank Prof. Ling-Gang Cai and Jian-Gong Niu, Mr. Hong Liu from Xinjiang Fishery Research Institute for their help during the field studies and fish catching. Our thanks also to Prof. Jun Zou from Shanghai Ocean University and Prof. Hwa-Chain R. Wang from University of Tennessee for English correction and suggestion.

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31860738 and No. 31960737).

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  1. Kadirden Arken and Cui-Lan Hao are joint first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China

    Kadirden Arken, Cui-Lan Hao, Ai-Ming Guo, Wen-Run Zhang, Meng-Jie Rong, Wuljan Kamal, Sheng-Li Tian, Munira Kadir & Cheng Yue

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All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional guides on the care and use of laboratory animals and the study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xinjiang Agricultural University (Grant No. 2019021).

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11686_2021_466_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary file1 Fig. S1. Morphological comparison of (a) Paradiplozoon krugerense quoted by Dos Santos (2016) and (b) Paradiplozoon bingolensis quoted by Civáňová (2013) (TIF 5074 KB)

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Arken, K., Hao, CL., Guo, AM. et al. A New Species of Paradiplozoon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae), A Gill Parasite of the Schizothorax Fish (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) from the Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China. Acta Parasit. 67, 330–339 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00466-5

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