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Gibberellic acids promote growth and exopolysaccharide production in Tetraselmis suecica under reciprocal nitrogen concentration: an assessment on antioxidant properties and nutrient removal efficacy of immobilized iron-magnetic nanoparticles

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Abstract

The present study was aimed to assess the effect of gibberellic acids to enhance the growth, biomass, pigment, and exopolysaccharides production in Tetraselmis suecica under reciprocal nitrogen concentrations. For this study, the seven types of experimental media (N-P, NL-P/2GA3, N0-P/2GA3, NL-P/4GA3, N0-P/4GA3, NL-P/6GA3, and N0-P/6GA3) were prepared with the addition of gibberellic acids under various nitrogen concentrations. The experiment lasted for 15 days and the cell density, biomass, chlorophyll ‘a’, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) concentration of T. suecica were estimated for every 3 days. Then the EPS was subjected to the analyses of chemical (carbohydrate, protein, sulfate, and uronic acid), and antioxidant activity. In addition, nutrient removal efficiency was evaluated using different concentration of EPS. The highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (86.7 ± 0.95%) and hydroxyl radical activity (85.7 ± 2.48%) were observed at the EPS concentrations 2.5 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. The immobilized magnetic Fe3O4–EPS (ferric oxide–exopolysaccharides) nanoparticles (5.0 and 10.0 g/L) have efficiently removed the excessive phosphate (89.5 ± 1.65%) and nitrate (73.5 ± 1.72%) from the Litopenaeus vannamei cultured wastewater. Thus, the application of gibberellic acids combined with limited nitrogen concentration could produce higher EPS that could exhibit excellent antioxidant activity, and nutrient removal efficacy in the form of Fe3O4–EPS magnetic nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank the Head, Department of Marine Science and the authorities of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for the facilities provided. SDK thanks the UGC, New Delhi, for providing Post-Doctoral Fellowship (Ref. No. F./31-1/2017/PDFSS-2017- -TAM-13681 dated 19.06.2017). Authors are grateful to the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India, New Delhi for the microalgae culture facility provided, through extramural project (BT/PR 5856/AAQ/3/598/2012).

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Author notes

  1. A. Prathipa and S.Dinesh Kumar contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, J. J. College of Arts and Science (Autonomous, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, 614 616, India

    A. Prathipa & G. Manigandan

  2. Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Lab., Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India

    S. Dinesh Kumar, P. Santhanam, P. Perumal, N. Krishnaveni & K. Nanthini Devi

  3. Askoscen Probionics, Uyyankondan Thirumalai, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 017, India

    S. Vijayalakshmi

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AP: formal analysis; GM: writing—review and editing; SDK: conceptualization, methodology, resources, and writing—original draft; PS: conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing; PP: writing—review and editing; NK: formal analysis; KND: formal analysis; SV: formal analysis.

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Prathipa, A., Manigandan, G., Dinesh Kumar, S. et al. Gibberellic acids promote growth and exopolysaccharide production in Tetraselmis suecica under reciprocal nitrogen concentration: an assessment on antioxidant properties and nutrient removal efficacy of immobilized iron-magnetic nanoparticles. Arch Microbiol 203, 5647–5659 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02545-7

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