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Grouping patterns of rainfed winter wheat test locations and the role of climatic variables

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Abstract

Crop cultivar performance is a result of combined effects of genotype, environment and genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. To effectively generate reliable estimates of crop yield the magnitude and patterns of G × E in regional yield trials should be specified. This research aimed to (1) investigate existing possible mega-environments (ME) and suitability of test locations for winter wheat zoning, and (2) determine the role of climatic factors in clustering patterns of G × E. Winter wheat yield data from a three-year nationwide yield trial consisting of 24 genotypes grown in 24 test environments supplemented with 37 climatic factors were subjected to empirical and analytical analyses. Standard deviation-scaled genotype main effect and G × E interaction (SD-GGE) biplot methodology, factorial regression and partial least square regression were applied to both analyses. The combined ANOVA showed that the environmental effect was the main source of variation (83%), and the magnitude of G × E interaction was sixfold greater than genotype alone. The SD-GGE biplot confirmed non-repeatable patterns for grouping of test locations across years, indicating significant (P < 0.01) rank-change location-by-year interactions and existence of strong "crossover" G × E interactions. This led to the conclusion that the winter wheat growing region in Iran consists of a single but complex ME for grain yield, suggesting that high-yielding-and stable winter wheat genotypes should be developed for the entire region rather than genotypes adapted to specific agro-ecological regions. Precipitation (monthly and total) and temperature (minimum, maximum and average) accounted for 25.4% and 56.8% of total G × E.

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Acknowledgements

This research (Grant Code: 0-15-15-005-950406) was funded by Dryland Agriculture Research Institute (DARI) of Iran. Special thanks to Dr. E. Mohammadi for making the GIS analysis. The authors thank all research assistants who directly or indirectly collaborated in carrying out this study. The authors also thank the reviewers and Associate Editor of Euphytica for comments and corrections to the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, AREEO, Maragheh, Iran

    Mozaffar Roostaei & Jaffar Jafarzadeh

  2. Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

    Ebrahim Roohi

  3. Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran

    Hossein Nazary

  4. Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), AREEO, Sararood Campus, Kermanshah, Iran

    Rahman Rajabi, Reza Haghparast & Reza Mohammadi

  5. Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran

    Gholam Reza Abediasl

  6. Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmieh, Iran

    Gholam Reza Khalilzadeh

  7. Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran

    Fereshteh Seif

  8. Field and Horticultural Crops Science Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran

    Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirfatah

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  1. Mozaffar Roostaei
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  2. Jaffar Jafarzadeh
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Correspondence to Reza Mohammadi.

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Roostaei, M., Jafarzadeh, J., Roohi, E. et al. Grouping patterns of rainfed winter wheat test locations and the role of climatic variables. Euphytica 217, 183 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02915-8

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