Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Fluorite Formation in Poplar Leaves (Populus balsamifera L.) in an HF-Polluted Area

  • Published:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The article represents results of the study aimed on sensitivity of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) leaves to hydrogen fluoride airborne emissions in the vicinity of aluminum smelter. Widespread occurrence of poplar in urban land was one of the purposes to choose this plant as a research object. Reaction of poplar leaves on influence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) was investigated by ionometric technique, scanning electron microscopy-related method (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and the thermodynamic modelling. The fluoride content in poplar leaves decreases with distance from the emission source. Leaves have signs of deterioration, e.g., chemical burns and necrosis, inside 2-km zone of the plant. In stomatal cells of poplar leaves, neogenic mineral fluorite (CaF2) was discovered. In sieve-tube elements of leaf phloem, a large quantity of secondary calcite (CaCO3) crystals was found. Ca2+ ions in enchylema react with F− that has released as part of airborne emissions from aluminum smelter. Result of their interaction is fluorite formation in stomatal cells of poplar leaves. Such fluorite is a mineral indicator of fluoride pollution in ground-level ambient air. Thermodynamic conditions of interaction of Ca2+ and F–, HCO3– and Ca2+ were estimated. The model of maintenance of phytochemical calcium barrier in the poplar leaves stomata in HF contamination was proposed and described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author (Dmitry V. Yusupov) on reasonable request, which can be contacted at yusupovd@mail.ru.

The datasets (wind rose plot for the period 1.06.2015–10.09.2015) generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the [WEATHER ARCHIVE IN KEMEROVO (AIRPORT), METAR] repository [https://rp5.ru/].

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Alotaibi, M. D., Alharbi, B. H., Al-Shamsi, M. A., Alshahrani, T. S., Al-Namazi, A. A., Alharbi, S. F., Alotaibi, F. S., & Qian, Y. (2020). Assessing the response of five tree species to air pollution in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, for potential green belt application. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 29156–29170. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09226-w

  • Anjos, T. B. O., Louback, E., Azevedo, A. A., & Campos, L. S. (2018). Sensibility of Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) exposed to fluoride-simulated fog. Ecological Indicators, 90, 154–163. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.005

  • Ballantyne, D. J. (1991). Fluoride and photosynthetic capacity of azalea (Rhododendron) cultivars. Fluoride, 24, 11–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baslar, S., Dogan, Y., Yenil, N., Karagoz, S., & Bag, H. (2005). Trace element biomonitoring by leaves of Populus nigra L. from Western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Environmentl Biology, 26(4), 665–668.

  • Baunthiyal, M., & Ranghar, S. (2014). Physiological and biochemical responses of plants under fluoride stress: An overview. Fluoride, 47, 287–293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baunthiyal, M., & Ranghar S. (2015). Accumulation of fluoride by plants: Potential for phytoremediation. Clean Soil Air Water, 43(1), 127–132. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300353

  • Baunthiyal, M., & Sharma, V. (2014) Response of three semi-arid plant species to fluoride; consequences of chlorophyll Florescence. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 16, 397–414. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2013.783790

  • Brief reference book of physical and chemical quantities (1974). In K. P. Mishchenko, A. A. Ravdel & N. M. Baron. Chemistry.

  • Burkat, V. S., & Drukarev, V. A. (2005). Reducing emissions to the atmosphere during aluminum production. LLC Lyubavich.

  • Chen, J., Xue, B., Xia, X., & Yin, W. (2013). A novel calcium-dependent protein kinase gene from Populus euphratica, confers both drought and cold stress tolerance. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 441, 630–636. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.103

  • Cowden, P., & Aherne, J. (2019). Assessment of atmospheric metal deposition by moss biomonitoring in a region under the influence of a long standing active aluminium smelter. Atmospheric Environment, 201, 84–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Death, C., Coulson, G., Kierdorf, U., Kierdorf, H., Morris, W. K., & Hufschmid, J. (2015). Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluoride content as biomarkers of excess fluoride exposure in marsupials. Science of the Total Environment, 533, 528–541. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.054

  • DIFFRACplus. v15.0: EVA (2009). User’s manual. Bruker AXS.

  • Divan Junior, A. M., Oliva, M. A., Martinez, C. A., & Cambraia J. (2007). Effects of fluoride emissions on two tropical grasses: Chloris gayana and Panicum maximum, cv. Coloniao. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 67, 247–253. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.06.002

  • Fordyce, F. M. (2011). Fluorine: Human health risks. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 776–785. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11194-7

  • Fornasiero, R. B. (2001). Phytotoxic effects of fluorides. Plant Science, 161, 979–985. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00499-X

  • Fornasiero, R. B. (2003). Fluorides effects on Hypericum perforatum plants: First field observations. Plant Science, 165(3), 507–513.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franzaring, J., Klumpp, A., & Fangmeier, A. (2007). Active biomonitoring of airborne fluoride near an HF producing factory using standardized grass cultures. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 4828–4840.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., Qian, H., Wang, H., Chen, J., Ren, W., & Yang, F. (2020). Assessment of background levels and pollution sources for arsenic and fluoride in the phreatic and confined groundwater of Xi’an city, Shaanxi, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 34702–34714. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06791-7

  • Garrec, J. P., & Letoureneur, L. (1983). Fluoride absorption by the root and foliar tissues of horse bean (Vicia faba minor; calciole) and lupine (Lupinus luteus; calcifuge). Fluoride, 14, 30–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golovkova, T. V., & Krasnova, N. M. (1988). Determination of gross fluorine in soil using an ion-selective electrode. Bull. Dokuchaev Soil Institute, 42, 19–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Górka, M., Bartz, W., Skuridina, A., & Potysz, A. (2020). Populus nigra Italica leaves as a valuable tool for mineralogical and geochemical interpretation of inorganic atmospheric aerosols’ genesis. Atmosphere, 11, 1126–1147. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101126

  • Gupta, S., Banerjee, S., & Mondal, S. (2009). Phytotoxicity of fluoride in the germination of paddy (Oryza sativa) and its effect on the physiology and biochemistry of germinated seedlings. Fluoride, 42, 142–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haidouti, C., Chronopoulou, A., & Chronopoulos, J. (1993). Effects of fluoride emissions from industry on the fluoride concentration of soils and vegetation. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 21, 195–208. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(93)90037-R

  • Inoue, S., Takemiya, A.,& Shimazaki K. (2010). Phototropin signaling and stomatal opening as a model case. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13, 587–593. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2010.09.002

  • Koblar, A., Tavcar, G., & Ponikvar-Svet, M. (2011). Effects of airborne fluoride on soil and vegetation. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 132, 755–759. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.022

  • Kozlova, A. A., Lopatovskaya, O. G., Granina, N. I., Chipanina, E. V., Kuchmenko, E. V., & Bobrov, A. N. (2011). Fluoride contamination of gray forest soils from Irkutsk aluminium smelter (IrkAZ). The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University (series Biology. Ecology), 4(1), 87–94.

  • Kulikov, B. P., Storozhev, Yu. I. (2012). Dust-gas emissions of aluminum electrolysis cells with self-baking anodes. SFU.

  • Kumar, K., Giri, A., Vivek, P., Kalaiyarasan, T., & Kumar, B. (2017). Effects of fluoride on respiration and photosynthesis in plants: an overview. Annals of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 2(1), 043–047. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.17352/aest.000011

  • Levy, L. M., & Strauss, M. R. (1973). Sur l`insolubilisation de l`ion flur a` l`etat de fluorure de calcium chez Chara fragilis Desvaux. CR Acad Sc Paris (serie d), 277, 181–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louback, E., Rodrigues, T. A. P., Ribeiro, R. S., Alves, J. O., & Campos, L. S. (2016). Vegetation damage in the vicinity of an aluminum smelter in Brazil. Ecological Indicators, 67, 193–203. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.02.044

  • Mesquita, G. L., Tanaka, F. A. O., Cantarella, H., & Mattos Jr, D. (2011). Atmospheric absorption of fluoride by cultivated species. Leaf structural changes and plant growth. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 219, 143–156. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0694-4

  • Nikolaev, N. S., Suvorova, S. N., Gurovich, E. I., Peka, I., & Korchemnaya, E. K. (1970). Analytical chemistry of fluorine. Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu, X., Wang, B., & Wei, W. (2020). Response of the particulate matter capture ability to leaf age and pollution intensity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 34258–34269. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09603-5

  • Norouzi, S., Khademi, H., Cano, A. F., & Acosta, J. A. (2015). Using plane tree leaves for biomonitoring of dust borne heavy metals: A case study from Isfahan, Central Iran. Ecological Indicators, 57, 64–73. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.04.011

  • Panda, D. (2015). Fluoride toxicity stress: Physiological and biochemical consequences on plants. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 1, 70–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov, I. N. (2005). Biological sorption of technogenic origin fluorine ions. Himiya i Himicheskaya Tekhnologiya, 48(8), 54–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov, I. N. (2014). Formation of fluorine technogenic anomalies in above-ground ecosystems of Siberia: Biological sorption, monitoring, possibility of lowering the negative impact. Sibirskij Ekologicheskij Zhurnal, 3, 459–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ram, A., Verma, P., & Gadi, B. R. (2014). Effect of fluoride and salicylic acid on seedling growth and biochemical parameters of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Fluoride, 47, 49–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid, A., Guan, D-X., Farooq, A., Khan, S., Zahir, S., Jehan, S., Khattak, S. A., Khan, M. S., & Khan R. (2018). Fluoride prevalence in groundwater around a fluorite mining area in the flood plain of the River Swat, Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 203–215. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.064

  • Reddy, M. P., & Kaur, M. (2008). Sodium fluoride induced growth and metabolic changes in Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 188, 171–179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Report on the state of the environment of Novokuznetsk city for 2016. (2017). Committee of environmental protection and natural resources of Novokuznetsk administration, Novokuznetsk. Advance online publication. https://eko-nk.ru/user_images/File/2017%20god/Doklad%202016.pdf. Accessed 11 Apr 2021.

  • Rikhvanov, L. P., Yusupov, D. V., Baranovskaya, N. V., & Yalaltdinova, A. R. (2015). Elemental composition of the poplar foliage as a biogeochemical indicator of industrial specialization of urban systems. Ecology and Industry of Russia, 19(6), 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertus, Y. V., Udachin, V. N., Rikhvanov, L. P., Kivatskaya, A. V., Lyubimov, R. V., & Yusupov, D. V. (2016). Indication by environmental components the pollutant transboundary transfer to Gorny Altai. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Geo Assets Engineering, 327, 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robie, R. A., & Hemingway, B. S. (1995). Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2131.

  • Rodrigues, A. A., Vasconcelos-Filho, S. C., Mendes, G. C., Rehn, L. S., Rodrigues, D. A., Rodrigues, C. L., & Müller C. (2017). Fluoride in simulated rain affects the morphoanatomy and physiology of Eugenia dysenterica (Mart.) DC. Ecological Indicators, 82:189–195. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.07.005

  • Rodrigues, D. A., Filho, S. C. F. V., Rodrigues, A. A., Müller, C., dos Santos Farnese, F., Costa, A. C., Teles, E. M. G., & Rodrigues, C. L. (2018a). Byrsonima basiloba as a bioindicator of simulated air pollutants: Morphoanatomical and physiological changes in response to potassium fluoride. Ecological Indicators, 89:301–308. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.019

  • Rodrigues, A. A., Filho, S. C. V., Müller, C., Rodrigues, D. A., Mendes, G. C., Rehn, L. S., Costa, A. C., Vital, R. G., & Sales, J. F. (2018b). Sapindus saponaria bioindicator potential concerning potassium fluoride exposure by simulated rainfall: anatomical and physiological traits. Ecological Indicators, 89:552–558. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.02.043

  • Rodriguez, J. H., Wannaz, E. D., Pignata, M. L., Fangmeier, A., & Franzaring, J. (2012). Fluoride biomonitoring around a large aluminium smelter using foliage from different tree species. Clean Soil Air Water, 40(12):1315–1319. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201100584

  • Rozhkov, A. S., & Mikhailova, T. A. (1989). Effect of fluorine-containing emissions on coniferous trees. Nauka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runova, E. M., Anoshkina, L. V., & Averina, G. A. (2012). Fluoride compounds effect on the vegetation growing within city limits. Systems Methods Technologies, 2(14), 126–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saini, P., Khan, S., Baunthiyal, M., & Sharma, V. (2013). Effects of fluoride on germination, early growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of legume plant species Prosopis juliflora. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(2), 205–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sant’Anna-Santos, B. F., & Azevedo, A. A. (2007). Aspectos morfoanatômicos da fitotoxidez do flúor em duas species arbóreas tropicais. Revista Brasileira De Biociências, 5(1), 48–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahrai, S. G., Kondratev, V. V., Belyanin, A. V., Skuratov, A. P., & Baranov, A. N. (2016). Development of energy-saving measures in aluminum production. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies, 9, 845–853. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-6-845-853

  • Smith, W. H. (1988). Absorption of air pollutants by plants. Gidrometeoizdat.

    Google Scholar 

  • TOPAS. V3 2005 (2010). General profile and structure analysis software for powder diffraction data. User’s manual: Bruker AXS Microanalysis GmbH.

  • Vassilev, S. V., Baxter, D., Andersen, L. K., & Vassileva, C. G. (2013a). An overview of the composition and application of biomass ash. Part I. Phase–mineral and chemical composition and classification. Fuel, 105, 40–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassilev, S. V., Baxter, D., & Vassileva, C. G. (2013b). An overview of the behaviour of biomass during combustion: Part I. Phase-mineral transformations of organic and inorganic matter. Fuel, 112, 391–449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkodaeva, M. V., & Kiselev, A. V. (2017). On development of system for environmental monitoring of atmospheric air quality. Zapiski Gornogo Institute, 227: 589–596. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.25515/PMI.2017.5.589

  • Weinstein, L. H. (1977). Fluoride and plant life. J. Occupat. Medic., 19(1), 49–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, L. H., & Davison, A. W. Б. (2003). Native plant species suitable as bioindicators and biomonitors for airborne fluoride. Environmental Pollution, 125(1), 3–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, L. H., & Davison, A. (2004). Fluorides in the environment: Effects on plants and animals. CABI Publishing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996837.0000

  • White, P. J. (2000). Calcium channels in higher plants. BBA, 1465, 171–189. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(00)00137-1

  • Yadu, B., Chandrakar, V., & Keshavkant, S. (2016). Responses of plants to fluoride: an overview of oxidative stress and defense mechanisms. Fluoride, 49, 293–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanchenko, N. I., Baranov, A. N., & Makuxin, V. L. (2008). Fluorine distribution in the zone of aluminum smelter influence. Ecology and Industry of Russia, 6, 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanchenko, N. I., Yaskina, O. L., & Yanyushkin, S. A. (2014). Regularities of variations in the fluorine concentration in atmospheric precipitation near Bratsk. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, 6, 543–546. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856014060219

  • Yusupov, D. V., Rikhvanov, L. P., Baranovskaya, N. V., & Yalaltdinova, A. R. (2016). Geochemical features of poplar leaf elemental composition in urban areas. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Geo Assets Engineering, 327, 25–36.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Program of enhancement of Tomsk Polytechnic University competitiveness among the leading world´s research centers. Data processing and interpretation of the results were performed within the framework of the grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 20-64-47021).

Funding

Sampling, laboratory studies, and writing the manuscript were supported by Program of enhancement of Tomsk Polytechnic University competitiveness among the leading world’s research centers. Data processing and interpretation of the results were performed within the framework of the grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 20-64-47021).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia

    Dmitry V. Yusupov, Sergey S. Ilenok, Bulat R. Soktoev & Natalia V. Baranovskaya

  2. Amur State University, Amur region, 675027, Blagoveshchensk, Russia

    Dmitry V. Yusupov

  3. Institute of Geology & Nature Management FEB RAS, Amur region, 675000, Blagoveshchensk, Russia

    Lyubov A. Dorokhova, Valentina I. Radomskaya & Lyudmila M. Pavlova

  4. Department of Chemical Technologies, Alloying and Reinforcing Additives, Institute of Light Materials and Technologies, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Roman I. Kraydenko & Aleksandr D. Kiselev

Authors
  1. Dmitry V. Yusupov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lyubov A. Dorokhova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sergey S. Ilenok
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Valentina I. Radomskaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lyudmila M. Pavlova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Roman I. Kraydenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Aleksandr D. Kiselev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Bulat R. Soktoev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Natalia V. Baranovskaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

DY took samples of poplar leaves, wrote a manuscript, and created and decorated figures, coordinated research. LD and SI conducted scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS) of the samples. RK and AK carried out thermodynamic calculations to clarify chemical processes; they compiled tables. LP and VR prepared the references and edited the manuscript. BS research on X-ray diffractometry of poplar ash has been carried out. NB analyzed and interpreted the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dmitry V. Yusupov.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yusupov, D.V., Dorokhova, L.A., Ilenok, S.S. et al. Fluorite Formation in Poplar Leaves (Populus balsamifera L.) in an HF-Polluted Area. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 369 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05279-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05279-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation