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The Nexus Between Worldwide Governance Indicators and Hydropower Sustainable Growth in EU 28 Region

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Abstract

This investigation intends to answer the question of whether worldwide governance indicators have an impact on the improvement of the hydropower industry in 28 European Union (EU) countries from 1996 until 2018. Applying the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), the outcomes demonstrate the inclined hydropower industry growth and an increase in worldwide governance indicators. While opinions and responsibilities, governmental steadiness, effective governance, judicial enforcement, quality administration, and control of fraudulent conduct were found to expand the hydropower industry growth. The results illustrate that hydropower industry growth in EU28 states is well increased by improving the quality of worldwide governance indicators in production and operation procedures. Ultimately, it will help in the global warming discussions. The evaluated outcomes are believed to be justifiably validated by panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and pooled ordinary least squares (OLS). The paper endorsed in the EU28 region to expand the role hydropower industry in worldwide governance to achieve hydropower growth and lessen CO2 releases. The authorities in the EU28 region should have more financial aid in hydropower governance to improve its hydroelectricity production and availability. The EU28 region administrations can focus on the efficacy of hydropower governance to attain hydroelectricity guarantee, sustainability, and to lessen traditional oil dependency, correspondingly.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Business and Economics (Formerly Known as Faculty of Economics and Management), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Alsaleh & A. S. Abdul-Rahim

Authors
  1. Mohd Alsaleh
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  2. A. S. Abdul-Rahim
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Contributions

The two authors contributed to writing, estimation, analysis, and revision of the paper.

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Correspondence to Mohd Alsaleh.

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I wish to declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Appendices

Appendix A: List of the EU-28 Region Member Countries

European union (EU28) region

Developed countries

Underdeveloped countries

Member countries

Year

Member countries

Year

Austria

1995

Bulgaria

2007

Belgium

1958

Croatia

2013

Denmark

1973

Cyprus

2004

Finland

1995

Czech

2004

France

1958

Estonia

2004

Germany

1958

Hungary

2004

Greece

1981

Latvia

2004

Ireland

1973

Lithuania

2004

Italy

1958

Malta

2004

Luxemburg

1958

Poland

2004

Netherlands

1958

Romania

2007

Portugal

1986

Slovakia

2004

Spain

1986

Slovenia

2004

Sweden

1995

  

United Kingdom

1973

  

Source: European Union Official Website (www.Europa.eu).

Appendix B Comparisons of Hydropower Production and worldwide governance in EU28 Region

figure a

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Alsaleh, M., Abdul-Rahim, A.S. The Nexus Between Worldwide Governance Indicators and Hydropower Sustainable Growth in EU 28 Region. Int J Environ Res 15, 1001–1015 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-021-00366-6

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