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The association between the urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of metabolic syndromes and blood cell levels in adults in a Middle Eastern area

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Abstract

Purpose

Limited studies have been published on the association between the urinary biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and risk of Metabolic Syndromes (MetS) and blood cell levels in adults in the Middle East. The present study aimed to evaluate the exposure to PAHs and the distribution of urinary OH-PAH levels in the general population of Shiraz, Iran, as well as, the association between OH-PAHs and the prevalence of MetS and blood cell levels.

Methods

In this study, 200 participants were randomly selected from the adult population, and their first-morning void urine samples were collected.

Results

The mean concentrations of 1-OHNap, 2-OHNap, 2-OHFlu, 9-OHPhe, and 1-OHP were 639.8, 332.1, 129, 160.3, and 726.9 ng/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 26% according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The results showed that urinary OH-PAHs, especially 1-OHP, were positively and significantly associated with higher waist circumstance (p < 0.001), triglyceride level (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), number of white blood cells (p = 0.041) and red blood cells (p < 0.001). It also caused lower levels of High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C). In conclusion, the results emphasized the adverse health effects of PAHs on human health, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and decreased number of blood cells.

Conclusion

Therefore, in order to identify the PAHs sources and to develop methods for decreasing the amount of emissions to the environment, broader researches are needed.

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Acknowledgments

This article was extracted from the thesis written by Mrs. Samaneh Shahsavani, PhD candidate of Environmental Health engineering. The authors would like to thank the Research Vice-chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for financially supporting the research (Proposal No. 19157). They would also like to appreciate Ms. A. Keivanshekouh at the Research Improvement Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for improving the use of English in the manuscript.

Code availability

SPSS version 21 and R software package for Windows were used for all analyses.

Funding

Research Vice-chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Proposal No. 19157).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Samaneh Shahsavani

  2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR, Iran

    Mohammad Fararouei

  3. Endocrinology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mahmood Soveid

  4. Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 111, 71645, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Hoseini

  5. Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 111, 71645, Shiraz, Iran

    Mansooreh Dehghani

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  1. Samaneh Shahsavani
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Contributions

Samaneh Shahsavani: Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, Writing-Reviewing and Editing.

Mansooreh Dehghani: Supervision, Conceptualization, Reviewing and Editing, Project administration.

Mohammad Hoseini: Supervision, Methodology, Reviewing and Editing, Project administration.

Mohammad Fararouei: Software, Validation.

Mahmood Soveid: Investigation.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohammad Hoseini or Mansooreh Dehghani.

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The Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, approved the research (ethical code: ir.sums.rec.1397.157).

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Shahsavani, S., Fararouei, M., Soveid, M. et al. The association between the urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of metabolic syndromes and blood cell levels in adults in a Middle Eastern area. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 19, 1667–1680 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00722-w

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