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Phase Equilibria for a Zn–Ag Alloy during Vacuum Distillation

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Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Aims and scope

Abstract

When impurities are removed from crude lead by metallic zinc, a silver foam (SF) containing lead, zinc, and silver forms on the melt surface along. Vacuum distillation can be used to separate the SF components, since it is one of the most environmentally friendly and highly efficient technologies in pyrometallurgy. Phase diagrams are used to choose the system temperature and pressure and to estimate the efficiency of the separation of the components during vacuum distillation. The aim of this work is to calculate VLE (vapor–liquid equilibrium) states, including the temperature dependence of the phase composition (T–x), at a given pressure for binary Zn–Ag alloys during vacuum distillation using MIVM (molecular interaction volume model) and SMIVM (simple molecular interaction volume model), which contains a smaller number of variable system parameters, in particular, for fixed values of coordination numbers Zi and molecular volume Vmi of the alloy components. As a result, the adequacy of SMIVM used in the calculation is confirmed. Information on the influence of the temperature and the residual pressure in the system on the sublimation and separation of the metals from Zn–Ag alloys of variable composition is obtained. The saturated vapor pressures (Pa) for zinc (\(p_{{{\text{Zn}}}}^{*}\) = 5.79 × 102–3.104 × 104) and silver (\(p_{{{\text{Ag}}}}^{*}\) = 5.25 × 10–9–5.1 × 10–5) at T = 823–1073 K are determined. The large differences between \(p_{{{\text{Zn}}}}^{*}\) and \(p_{{{\text{Ag}}}}^{*}\) cause high values of separation coefficient log βZn = 8.32–12.18 and imply the possibility of separation of zinc by sublimation into the gas phase (βZn > 1) and the concentration of silver in the liquid phase. An increase in the mole fraction of silver in the alloy composition from 0.1 to 0.9 and or in the system temperature from 823 to 1073 K leads to an increase in the mole fraction of silver in the gas phase from 1 × 10–15 to 8.5 × 10–7. The following thermodynamic functions are calculated for the equilibrium state of the liquid and gas phases of the Zn–Ag system: \(G_{{\text{m}}}^{E}\) = 0.08–1.36 kJ/mol, –\(H_{{\text{m}}}^{E}\) = 1.52–5.73 kJ/mol, and \(S_{{\text{m}}}^{E}\) = (1.57–5.38) × 10–3 J/(mol K). The equilibrium VLE diagrams of a Zn–Ag alloy can be used at the preliminary stages of designing pilot equipment for vacuum distillation and to choose the temperature and pressure ranges in the system in order to manufacture Zn- and Ag-containing products of a given composition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AO Uralelectromed, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Russia

    A. A. Korolev, K. L. Timofeev & G. I. Maltsev

  2. UMMC Technical University, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Russia

    K. L. Timofeev

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  1. A. A. Korolev
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  2. K. L. Timofeev
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  3. G. I. Maltsev
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Correspondence to G. I. Maltsev.

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Translated by K. Shakhlevich

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Korolev, A.A., Timofeev, K.L. & Maltsev, G.I. Phase Equilibria for a Zn–Ag Alloy during Vacuum Distillation. Russ. Metall. 2021, 978–986 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029521080152

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