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Electroreduction of Nickel(II) Chloride and Cobalt(II) Chloride Mixtures in a Heat Activated Battery

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Abstract

The discharge characteristics of a heat activated battery containing NiCl2–CoCl2 mixtures as a positive electrode are studied. The battery cell discharge temperature is found to decrease when the mixtures are used instead of individual nickel(II) and cobalt(II) chlorides. The minimum temperature at which a stable discharge plateau is detected is 480°C. The maximum capacity of the discharge plateau is 0.33 A h g–1. The optimum composition of the cathode mixture contains 20 wt % CoCl2. The composition and morphology of the reduction products of the cathodic materials are determined. The initial nickel and cobalt chlorides are reduced to metals during battery cell discharge. The reduction process is accompanied by the diffusion of lithium halides from the separator to the cathodic space. The reduced metals (Ni, Co) form a network of branched dendrites covered with a salt film based on lithium chloride. The density and morphology of the dendritic deposit is determined by the composition of the initial cathodic mixture. The salt film consists of solid solutions and peritectics of the Li, Co, Ni||Cl, Br, F system. The reduction of M2+ (where M = Ni, Co) to the M0 metal is shown to proceed via a melt mechanism in the diffusion kinetics mode.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The studies were carried out using the equipment of the Shared Access Center Composition of Compounds at High-Temperature Electrochemistry Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    O. V. Volkova, V. V. Zakharov, E. A. Il’ina & A. A. Pankratov

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  1. O. V. Volkova
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  2. V. V. Zakharov
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  3. E. A. Il’ina
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  4. A. A. Pankratov
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Correspondence to O. V. Volkova.

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Translated by E. Yablonskaya

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Volkova, O.V., Zakharov, V.V., Il’ina, E.A. et al. Electroreduction of Nickel(II) Chloride and Cobalt(II) Chloride Mixtures in a Heat Activated Battery. Russ. Metall. 2021, 957–963 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602952108022X

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602952108022X

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