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Contribution to rust flora in China I, tremendous diversity from natural reserves and parks

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Abstract

Rust fungi taxonomically belonging to Pucciniales (Basidiomycota) are important phytopathogens that cause many significant diseases to agricultural crops and forest trees. Hitherto, ca. 8000 and 1200 species have been reported from worldwide and China, respectively. To investigate and document the diversity of rust fungi in China, we have sampled from 86 natural reserves and national parks in the past several years, and 6627 specimens have been collected. Our identification using both morphological and molecular data assigned 1654 collections to 337 species in 43 genera of 15 families, as cataloged in this paper. Among them, 34 new species are formally described based on their morphological distinctions and phylogenetic relationships. In addition, three new families Endoraeciaceae, Neophysopellaceae and Uromycladiaceae are proposed based on their morphological distinctions, phylogenetic independences and divergent times. Considering the traditionally morphologically defined families in Pucciniales have been increasing revealed to be discordant with phylogenetic groupings, taxonomic revisions are needed in future study to establish a natural classification system in Pucciniales. We also discussed the importance of morphologies in spermogonia and aecia for the delimitation of Puccinia and related genera. This study presents a significant contribution to the knowledge of rust flora in China. Taxonomic novelties: new families: Endoraeciaceae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Neophysopellaceae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Uromycladiaceae P. Zhao & L. Cai; new species: Chrysomyxa jinghongensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Coleosporium sichuanense P. Zhao & L. Cai; Coleosporium smilacis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Cystopsora yunnanense P. Zhao & L. Cai; Gerwasia guanganensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Gerwasia rubus-playfairianus P. Zhao & L. Cai; Hamaspora rubus-pirifolius P. Zhao & L. Cai; Macruropyxis guizhouensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Macruropyxis paederiae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Melampsora hyperici-sampsonii P. Zhao & L. Cai; Melampsora linearis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Melampsora salicis-delavayanae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Neophysopella vitis-davidii P. Zhao & L. Cai; Phakopsora sophorae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Phragmidium nonapiculatum P. Zhao & L. Cai; Phragmidium kanas P. Zhao & L. Cai; Phragmidium duchesneae-indicae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Pileolaria medogensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia amygdalus-iridis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia aphananthe-aspera P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia microsorus P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia nandina-domestica P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia persicaria-odorata P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia polygonum-aviculare P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia pulverulentus P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia saposhnikoviae P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia sonchus-oleraceus P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia thalictrum-finetii P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia thalictrum-minus P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia xingwenensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia xinjiangensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Puccinia zanthoxyli-chinensis P. Zhao & L. Cai; Uromyces aconiticola P. Zhao & L. Cai; Uromycladium yunnanense P. Zhao & L. Cai; new combinations: Chrysomyxa purpurea (C.J. You & J. Cao) P. Zhao & L. Cai; Neophysopella verannonae (Beenken) P. Zhao & L. Cai.

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adopted from Zhao et al. 2020). Family names were marked at each clade followed by generic names in the bracket

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (31725001 and 31670017), National Key R & D Program of China (2016YFF0203201), and Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-009). We express our gratitude to Dr Yi-Jian Yao (State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China), Dr Scott LaGreca (Cornell Plant Pathology Herbarium, Section of Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, NY, USA), and Dr Barbara M. Thiers (The New York Botanical Garden, NY, USA), Dr Izumi Okane (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan) for providing dried specimens for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China

    Peng Zhao, Zhi-Feng Zhang, Xiao-Hua Qi & Lei Cai

  2. College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Zhi-Feng Zhang & Lei Cai

  3. College of Bioscience & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China

    Dian-Ming Hu

  4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 24144, Doha, Qatar

    Kin-Ming Tsui

  5. Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, West Mall, Vancouver, 2329, Canada

    Kin-Ming Tsui

  6. Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, 850000, China

    Dorji Phurbu

  7. Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan

    Yusufjon Gafforov

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Supplementary file1 (PDF 344 kb) Supplementary Material Table S1 Selected specimens and their GenBank accession numbers of rDNA SSU, ITS regions and LSU obtained from this study.

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Supplementary file2 (PDF 469 kb) Supplementary Material Table S2 Reference sequence data and their literature information of selected genera in the order Pucciniales used for phylogenetic comparison.

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Zhao, P., Zhang, ZF., Hu, DM. et al. Contribution to rust flora in China I, tremendous diversity from natural reserves and parks. Fungal Diversity 110, 1–58 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00482-w

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