Abstract
A novel cloud point extraction was developed for the pre-concentration and determination of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) in bottled mineral water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The procedure was based on the formation of a charge transfer ion-pairing agent between the 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) and tetraphenylborate (TPB) in the presence of 0.1 mol L−1 HCl, and the selective cloud point extraction was achieved after its complexation with target metals. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity was observed in the concentration ranges of 10–160 μg L−1 for Cu(II), 2–30 μg L−1 for Zn(II) and 20–300 μg L−1 for Fe(III). In a 50 mL of sample, concentration factors of 38.4, 39.0 and 29.9 and limits of detection of 0.44, 0.14 and 0.78 μg L−1 for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) were obtained, respectively. Compared with single complexing reagent, the ion pair (5-Br-PADAP-TPB) significantly enhanced the enrichment factor of each analyte and tolerance levels of interference ions and obtained the lower detection limit. The proposed method was validated via the analysis of certified reference materials and successfully used for the determination of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) in ten brands of bottled mineral water samples. All samples contained lower levels of Cu(II), Fe(III) and Zn(II) according to the maximum allowable concentration recommended by Chinese legislation. And recoveries for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) were found to be between 95.0 and 105%; the relative standard deviation of this method was 0.620−1.67%
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (202002030409, 202008040002), the Student Innovation Training Program of China of Guangdong Province, China (grant numbers 201710573037), Innovative and Strong School Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (2020KZDZX1122), Guangdong Science and Technology Project (2020B111106001) and Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Project (2020001000416).
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Xie, M., Liu, W., Hao, X. et al. Cloud point extraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of copper, iron and zinc using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol-tetraphenylborate ion-pairing agent. Chem. Pap. 75, 5849–5859 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01765-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01765-x