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Molecularly imprinted polymers as a selective sorbent for forensic applications in biological samples—a review

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Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) consist of a molecular recognition technology with applicability in different areas, including forensic chemistry. Among the forensic applications, the use of MIP in biological fluid analysis has gained prominence. Biological fluids are complex samples that generally require a pre-treatment to eliminate interfering agents to improve the results of the analyses. In this review, we address the development of this molecular imprinting technology over the years, highlighting the forensic applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in biological sample preparation for analysis of stimulant drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine.

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Abbreviations

AIBN:

2,2′-Azobisisobutironitrile

AMP:

Amphetamine

BE:

Benzoylecgonine

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CE:

Cocaethylene

COC:

Cocaine

EGDMA:

Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate

EME:

Ecgonine methyl ester

FM:

Functional monomer

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

GDMA:

Glycerol dimethacrylate

HEMA:

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

HPLC:

High-pressure liquid chromatography

HPLC–MS/MS:

High-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

IMS:

Ion-mobility spectrometry

LC–MS:

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

LLE:

Liquid–liquid extraction

LSD:

Lysergic acid diethylamide

MAA:

Methacrylic acid

MAMP:

Methamphetamine

MDMA:

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MEPS:

Microextraction by packed sorbent

MIP:

Molecularly imprinted polymer

MISPE:

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction

NCT:

Nicotine

NIP:

Non-imprinted polymer

PSI–MS:

Paper spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

RAM:

Restricted access materials

RAMIP:

Restricted access molecularly imprinted polymer

SC:

Synthetic cathinones

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

TRIM:

Trimethacrylate trimethylolpropane

μ-SPE:

Micro-solid-phase extraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian agencies CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), FAPES (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Espírito Santo), FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES, Finance Code 001) for financial support. This study was financed in part by the project involving the Rede Mineira de Química (RQ-MG) supported by FAPEMIG (Project: REDE-113/10; Project: CEX-RED-0010-14).

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  1. Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil

    Juliana Barreto Ferreira, Clebson de Jesus Macrino, João Francisco Allochio Filho & Wanderson Romão

  2. Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, Soteco, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29106-010, Brazil

    Wanderson Romão

  3. Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Rodovia BR-101 Norte, Km 58 Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil

    João Francisco Allochio Filho

  4. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, Soteco, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29106-010, Brazil

    João Francisco Allochio Filho & Wanderson Romão

  5. Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil

    Laíse Aparecida Fonseca Dinali, Camilla Fonseca Silva & Keyller Bastos Borges

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  1. Juliana Barreto Ferreira
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Ferreira, J.B., de Jesus Macrino, C., Dinali, L.A.F. et al. Molecularly imprinted polymers as a selective sorbent for forensic applications in biological samples—a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 6013–6036 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03596-x

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